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Computing > Unit 2 - November 6 > Flashcards

Unit 2 - November 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Operating system functions

A 
File management 
Memory management
Utility programs
User interface 
Input/output management 
Interrupt handling
Processor scheduling
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2
Q

Paging

A

Fixed, equally sized memory blocks
Physical divisions
Made to fit sections of memory
Makes use of VM

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3
Q

Segmentation

A

Complete sections of programs
Logical divisions
Different sized memory blocks

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4
Q

Virtual memory and paging

A

Sections of programs not in use are temporarily moved into VM
However Disk thrashing may occur

  • when more time is spent reading/writing than processing
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5
Q

Types of interrupt

A 
Power fail 
Power down command 
Input/output requests 
Clock interrupt 
Schedule interrupt
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6
Q

ISR

A

Current data moved into stack in stack frame
ISR begins
Priority considered
Executed in order of priority
When all interrupts complete lid is popped off and original values loaded back onto the registers

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7
Q

Scheduling

A

Decides which instructions are executed when multitasking

Schedular is used to allocate efficient processor time to run each OPEN PROCESS

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8
Q

Round Robin

A

Each job given an equal time slice
Once the job at the front of the queue has used its time slice, if it’s completed it’s removed from the queue, but if it’s unfinished it moves to the back of the queue and the next job begins processing

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9
Q

First come first served

A

Jobs are processed in chronological order (the order they arrived in queue)
Processed to completion regardless of execution time

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10
Q

Multi level feedback queue

A

Uses multiple queues, each ordered on priority

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11
Q

Shortest job first

A

The queue is ordered based on the time for completion
Jobs that require the least time are moved to the front of the queue
Processor starvation

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12
Q

Shortest time remaining

A

Queue ordered based on time LEFT for completion
Programs with least time LEFT is executed first
Processor starvation

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13
Q

Distributed OS

A

Uses processing power of multiple computers
Presents to the user as though it is one system
Spreads the processing load

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14
Q

Embedded OS

A

Dedicated hardware used to perform a small range of specific tasks
Has little memory and consumes less power
Program store in ROM

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15
Q

Multi-User OS

A

A server manages permissions and access rights when users log on
Handles requests of multiple people
Allows multiple people to access at once
Scheduling program ensures fair processor time

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16
Q

Multi-Tasking OS

A

Gives the appearance that task are being completed simultaneously
Uses time slicing to allocate CPU time

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17
Q

Real-Time OS

A

Designed to perform tasks in a guaranteed time frame
Has plenty of redundancy to enable it to handle a sudden increase of input
Rarely runs at full capacity

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18
Q

BIOS

A 
Stored in ROM
Basic Input Output System
Stores bootstrap loader - first instructions of a computer 
Loads the OS into RAM
Checks and configures hardware POST
Power On Self Test
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19
Q

Device driver

A

Enables communication between the OS and input/outputs by translating instructions into language the other understands

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20
Q

Intermediate code

A

Pre compiled code that becomes platform independent

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21
Q

Virtual Machine

A

Software that is designed to have the same functionality as a physical computer
Code is emulated
Provides a translator for intermediate code

22
Q

Emulate

A

Trick code into thinking it’s running on its original hardware but it’s running on a different machine
Eg Old Arcade Games
Testing video games on different devices before release

23
Q

Generic applications

A

non specific purpose
Used on wide variety of tasks and can meet multiple needs
Most commonly used

24
Q

Specific applications

A

Specific or bespoke purpose
Little use other than deigned tasks
Usually only installed on systems where there’s direct need

25
Q

Word processor

A

Format and manipulate text

26
Q

Database software

A

Create and manage databases

27
Q

Spreadsheet software

A

Create and manage spreadsheets

28
Q

Other examples of application software

A

Multimedia - can run on multiple platforms
Communication - enables communication
Graphic - visually edit images and videos

29
Q

Disk defragmenter

A

Reorganises files in hard disk so they’re sequential
Reduces movement of r/w head
Results in files being able to be read faster

30
Q

Compression

A

Reduces space files take up
Files can be transferred quicker
Can be downloaded from internet quicker
Effective cost management and saving

31
Q

Automatic updates

A

Ensures system is kept up to date
Tackles bugs and security flaws
Minimises risks from malware and hackers (less vulnerable)

32
Q

Encryption

A

Converts data into non human readable for,at using a key
Symmetrical = same key to decipher
Asymmetrical = different key to decipher

33
Q

Anti virus

A

Scams against known list of viruses
Uses heuristics to try identify known viruses
Quarantines potential viruses and flags user
User decides next steps

34
Q

Automatic backup

A

Data in permanent storage needs to be backed up

Means you have copies of data gets lost, stolen or damaged

35
Q

Open source advantages

A

Code can be modified
Free
Access to source code
Can be installed on any number of computers

36
Q

Open source disadvantages

A

Not always fully tested
May be poorly supported
No financial gain for creators

37
Q

Closed/Proprietary advantages

A

Well tested
Company many provide free updates
Usually fully supported by creators
Creators receive financial gain

38
Q

Closed/Proprietary disadvantages

A

Cost for license
Cannot modify or redistribute software
Cant share with other users
No access to source code

39
Q

Off the shelf software

A

Ready made and available for anyone to purchase
Cheaper than bespoke
General - not designed for specific purpose

40
Q

Bespoke

A

Specifically made for larger companies
More expensive
Has very specific purposes made for users requirements
take longer to be created
Typically only available for who/the company it was created for

41
Q

COMPILER vs interpreter

A

Faster to execute
Can run many times without needed to be recompiled
Executable doesn’t require translator to run
Code can’t be reversed once compiled

42
Q

compiler vs INTERPRETER

A

Translated line by line
Stops for errors
If error is found no need to recompile entire program
Can run on any machine with interpreter

43
Q

Library

A

Precompiled and pretested programs which can be added into a program
Saves development time

44
Q

Linker

A

Allows already compiled object code files to be combined with the compiled program

45
Q

Loader

A

Copies a program held on backing store into main memory ready to be executed

46
Q

Examples of tokens

A 
Keywords
Constants
Numbers
Punctuation 
Strings
Operators
Identifiers
47
Q

Lexical anlysis

A

Puts each code statement into form best suited for the syntax analyser
Lexer reads source code
Stops at white spaces or comments
Code is turned into tokens

48
Q

Syntax analysis

A

Syntax tree is built from tokens produced in previous stage

It’s the process of the language statements being checked against the rules of the language

49
Q

Code generation

A

Produces a machine code equivalent of the source program

50
Q

Code optimisation

A

Redundant commands are removed form the code
(I.e uncalled subroutines and functions)
Speeds up compilation time

Computing (3 decks)

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