Unit 2: Networks of Exchange, 1200-1450 BC

Question 1

2.1.1a
Explain Clavijo’s attitude toward the society and culture at Tabriz.

Answer 1

He positively speaks of the trading environment and architecture, but questions the way that women are dressed, wearing obscuring clothing like the hijab.

Question 2

2.1.1b
Explain ONE aspect of social structure in Tabriz that demonstrated continuity with earlier periods in history.

Answer 2

Women wear obscuring clothing like the hijab.

Question 3

2.1.1c
Explain how caravanserais affected interregional trade in luxury goods during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 3

Increased trade because people could stay there long-term.

Question 4

2.1.2a
Describe ONE example of money economics that affected Silk Roads trade during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 4

Chinese paper money was more wieldly, leading to more trade.

Question 5

2.1.2b
Describe ONE example of commercial practices that affected Silk Roads trade during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 5

The flying cash credit system allowed for deposits and withdrawals in different locations.

Question 6

2.1.2c
Explain ONE example of cultures spreading between the East and West.

Answer 6

Religion—in a Silk Road stopping city named Samarkand, located between China & the Mediterranean, people practiced diverse religions like Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and Islam.

Question 7

2.2.1a
Describe ONE reason Mongol nobles accepted a woman’s leadership.

Answer 7

Mongol women had more rights than their western counterparts. They could initiate divorce and remarry after being widowed. They wore the same armor as the men did and rode horses as well, so their leadership capabilities were not necessarily diminished due to their sex.

Question 8

2.2.1b
Describe ONE way in which Mongol leadership continued under Torengene Khatun and previous khans.

Answer 8

Kept existing political structures in place.

Question 9

2.2.1c
Explain ONE way in which the status of women in Islamic society in the 13th century differed from the status of women in Mongol culture during the 13th century.

Answer 9

Though Islamic women were restricted in clothing like the veil and hijab, Mongol women could dress in the same trousers that men wore since everyone rode horses.

Question 10

2.2.2a
Describe ONE example of a pattern of Mongolian expansion in the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 10

Mongols made trade routes like the Silk Roads more accessible by stationing soldiers there to keep the roads safe.

Question 11

2.2.2b
Describe ONE way in which Mongol political structures changed when they ruled China.

Answer 11

Segregation between Mongols and the Chinese.

Question 12

2.2.2c
Explain ONE example of a connection between Mongolian and Chinese political structures in the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 12

Cultural exchanges like Mongolian religious toleration led to the Chinese scholar gentry becoming more knowledgeable.

Question 13

2.3.1a
Explain ONE way the ideas of Chang Han provided the political context for Zhu Gaozhi’s decision on Zheng He’s voyages.

Answer 13

Foreigners became a negative influence, causing Zhu Gaozhi to prohibit far travel.

Question 14

2.3.1b
Explain ONE way the ideas of Chang Han provided the economic context for Zhu Gaozhi’s decision on Zheng He’s voyages.

Answer 14

Han emphasized that it was not worth it for China to exchange goods with uncooperative foreigners. Zhu Gaozhi abolished Zheng He’s voyages because they were too expensive.

Question 15

2.3.1c
Explain ONE way the ideas of Chang Han reflect a traditional Chinese view of China’s relationship with other cultures.

Answer 15

Confucian scholars preferred to isolate; they thought that foreign values would change the social order.

Question 16

2.3.2a
Explain ONE cause of expanded trade in the Indian Ocean Basin in the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 16

New naval technology (astrolabe, stern rudder, & lateen sails).

Question 17

2.3.2b
Explain ONE effect of expanded trade in the Indian Ocean Basin in the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 17

Cultural diffusion (Muslim merchants waiting out monsoon winds married foreign women).

Question 18

2.3.2c
Explain the relationship between the expansion of maritime trade in the Indian Ocean Basin c. 1200-c. 1450 and the expansion of trade over the land routes of the Silk Roads.

Answer 18

Trade of goods linked the east & west.

Question 19

2.4.1a
Explain ONE way in which a resource from Mali was used in Sub-Saharan trade during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 19

Gold traded for salt with Arabs & Berbers.

Question 20

2.4.1b
Explain ONE way in which Mali’s wealth contributed to the expansion of its government during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 20

Profited from gold and taxes on nearly all other trade entering West Africa.

Question 21

2.4.1c
Explain ONE example of transportation technology that led to growth in interregional trade during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 21

Camel saddles allowed for people to carry more to trade with.

Question 22

2.4.2a
Identify ONE economic impact Muslim traders had on Sub-Saharan Africa.

Answer 22

Trans-Saharan trade route brought Swahili city-states immense wealth through the trade of goods like gold, ivory, and slaves.

Question 23

2.4.2b
Identify ONE cultural influence Muslim traders had on Sub-Saharan Africa.

Answer 23

Adoption of Islam, especially in Mali, where Mansa Musa heavily contributed to the spread of Islam.

Question 24

2.4.2c
Explain ONE similarity between trans-Saharan trade and trade on the Silk Roads in Asia.

Answer 24

Both connected different regions of the world through the trade of various goods.

Question 25

2.5.1a
Describe Cazel’s point of view of the Crusades from the passage.

Answer 25

Crusades led to credit institutions, which were good for the bourgeoisie, who “loaned the money, bought the land, sold the provisions,” etc.

Question 26

2.5.1b
Explain Cazel’s argument about the economic situation that resulted from the Crusades.

Answer 26

Inflation but overall good economic growth for the bourgeosisie.

Question 27

2.5.1c
Explain ONE way in which the 12th-century economy affected the development of the Crusades.

Answer 27

Trading led to “borrowing and lending.”

Question 28

2.5.2a
Explain ONE way in which the diffusion of Buddhism to Southeast Asia was evident during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 28

The Majapahit & Sinhala dynasties were Buddhist.

Question 29

2.5.2b
Explain ONE way in which the arrival of Islam influenced African culture during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 29

Cities like Timbuktu became Islamic centers of learning.

Question 30

2.5.2c
Explain the perspective of ONE travel writer in the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 30

Marco Polo (Eurocentric in foreign Asian land), Ibn Battuta (Muslim in Muslim lands), and Margery Kempe (mystic middle-class woman in Jerusalem).

Question 31

2.6.1a
Explain ONE pattern the excerpts show about the Black Death.

Answer 31

Deadly.

Question 32

2.6.1b
Explain ONE way the Black Death spread during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 32

Mongols.

Question 33

2.6.1c
Compare ONE report of the plague’s impact on the environment during the period c. 1200-c. 1450 from an outside source to one of the reports in the above passage.

Answer 33

Ibn Battuta reports that settlements became empty, but existing peoples used this decrease in the labor force to demand higher wages.

Question 34

2.6.2a
Describe ONE example of an agricultural advancement that developed during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 34

Champa rice.

Question 35

2.6.2b
Explain ONE way in which exchange networks affected agriculture during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 35

Demand for exported foods rose (Europe wanted surgar).

Question 36

2.6.2c
Explain ONE way in which trade affected the environment during the period c. 1200-c. 1450.

Answer 36

Feudal Europe: deforestation led to soil erosion and less agricultural produce.

Question 37

LEQ.1
Some historians consider the Mongols’ military success and vast commercial empire in the 13th century as the beginning of the early modern era. Develop and argument that evaluates the extent to which the Mongol Empire was significant in larger patterns of continuity or change between 1200 and 1450.

Question 38

LEQ.2
Good and ideas flowed through African and Eurasian trade networks in the period from 1200 to 1450. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the various networks of exchange in that time and place were similar or different.

Question 39

LEQ.3
Weather patterns, foods, and disease affected exchange networks in Eurasia and Africa in the period from 1200 to 1450. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia during that time affected the environment.

Question 40

LEQ.4
Although the primary purpose of most African and Eurasian trading networks between 1200 and 1450 was economic, ideas and art also traveled through them. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which trading networks in these regions between 1200 and 1450 affected the diffusion of cultural traditions.