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Biology > Unit 2 - Module 1 - Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Module 1 - Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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0
Q

What forms a nucleotide?

A

One phosphate group
One sugar molecule
One organic nitrogenous base

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1
Q

What forms do nucleic acids come in?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Ribonucleic acid.

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2
Q

What are the names of the five nitrogenous bases?

A 
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
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3
Q

What sugar molecules make up nucleotides?

A

5-carbon sugar
Deoxyribose in DNA
Ribose in RNA

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4
Q

Which bases are pyrimidines?

A

Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine

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5
Q

Which bases are purines?

A

Adenine

Guanine

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6
Q

What problem does excess nucleic acid cause?

A

Gout.
Uric acid is produces when excess purines are broken down in the liver.
Runic acid is insoluble at lower temperature and form crystals that are deposited in joints at extremities. Become very painful and swollen.

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7
Q

What forms DNA?

A

Two antiparallel polynucleotides that twist to double helix structure.
Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
Adenine - thymine
Guanine - cytosine

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8
Q

How is a DNA molecule copied?

A

The double helix untwists
Hydrogen bonds between bases are broken, to unzip DNA.
Free DNA nucleotides are hydrogen bonded to exposed bases
Covalent bonds formed between phosphate of one nucleotide and eh sugar of the next to seal backbone.

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9
Q

What is the name of DNA replication?

A

Semi-conservative replication.

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10
Q

Who showed that it is semi-conservative replication that. Is responsible for new DNA molecules?

A

Meselsohn and Stahl

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11
Q

How is the structure of DNA related to its function?

A

The sequence of bases is an example of information storage
Molecules are long so large amount of information can be stored
Base pairing rules mean complementary strands can be replicated
Double helix structure gives stability
Hydrogen bonds allow easy un zippy for copying and reading information.

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12
Q

How is RNA structurally different to DNA?

A

The sugar molecule is ribose
The nitrogenous base uracil is found instead of the organic base thymine
Three forms exist.

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13
Q

What are the three forms or RNA?

A

messengerRNA
ribosomalRNA
transferRNA

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14
Q

What is mRNA?

A

It is a strand complementary to one strand of a DNA molecule. Therefore it is a copy of the other DNA strand of the DNA copy

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15
Q

What is rRNA?

A

It is found in ribosomes.

16
Q

What does tRNA do?

A

It carries amino acids to he ribosomes, where they are bonded to form polypeptides.

17
Q

Summarise protein synthesis.

A

In nucleus DNA molecule opens by breaking hydrogen bonds to reveal a sequence of bases.
Free RNA nucleotides hydrogen bond onto the exposed bases.
mRNA attaches to ribosome.
Ribosome moves along mRNA, as it does so tRNA brings amino acids.

Biology (13 decks)

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