Unit 2 Medieval And Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

When was the fall of the Roman Empire and what did it make occur?

A

Prior to 500 AD and the Dark Ages

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2
Q

What was the social structure of the The Dark Ages called and what were the lower classes called?

A

feudalism and serfs

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3
Q

What were people sustained in?

A

Their belief in God and the Roman Catholic Church

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4
Q

What was the primary music of the early church and who was a leader in its organization?

A

The chant and pope Gregory I

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of chants?

A

Monophonic, a capella, Latin text, unmetered, reverent quality, sung by monks and priests

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6
Q

Who was an important woman of the Middle Ages and what was her famous piece?

A

Hildegard of Bingen and ordo virtutum (play of virtues)

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7
Q

What was the central worship service of the Roman Catholic Church?

A

Mass

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8
Q

What were the main parts of the Mass Ordinary?

A

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnes Dei

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9
Q

What was the new line added to the chant called

A

Organum

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10
Q

Organum was a new and independent melody which was early what music?

A

Polyphonic

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11
Q

Who were two of the first composers of polyphonic music and what was their approach to composition called?

A

Leonin and Perotin; Ars Antiqua

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12
Q

What was the new Renaissance style of music called after Leonin and Perotin?

A

Ars Nova

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13
Q

What were the traveling entertainers called?

A

Minstrels

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14
Q

What were the people that composed the music for minstrels called?

A

Troubadours or trouveres

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15
Q

What were the German counterparts of troubadours called?

A

Minnisingers

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16
Q

Who was a notable woman composer who was a troubadour?

A

Countess of Dia

17
Q

What was a bowed string instrument?

18
Q

What was a plucked string instrument?

A

Psaltery and harp

19
Q

What were a wooden flute and a primitive oboe called?

A

Recorder and shawm

20
Q

What were the percussion instruments of this time called?

A

Tabors and Tambourines

21
Q

What was instrumental music mostly composed for?

22
Q

When did the Renaissance era last?

23
Q

What does Renaissance mean?

A

“rebirth” but specifically mean a rekindling interest in the philosophy and art of the ancient Greek and Roman societies

24
Q

During the Renaissance there was a great movement towards ____________

25
Who was the Protestant Reformation led by?
Martin Luther
26
What did Martin Luther believe about organum?
It was too difficult to be understood and that worshippers should sing too
27
What did Martin Luther introduce in place of organum?
The chorale which was sung in the vernacular which was German
28
Who invented movable type?
Johannes Gutenberg
29
Who led the Church's response to Martin Luther's complaints and what was this event called?
The Council of Trent; the Counter Reformation
30
Who developed a style of music which maintained a polyphonic style while still allowing the words to be easily heard?
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
31
Who was called the "Savior of Church Music?"
Palestrina
32
What was a new compositional technique in Renaissance church music that was much like a round?
Imitative polyphony
33
What was each series of imitation in imitative polyphony?
Point of imitation
34
What was the most significant instrument of the Renaissance?
Lute
35
What were a group of like instruments called?
Consorts
36
What was an important secular type of music called? and what were the 5 characteristics of it?
Madrigals: madrigalisms, sung in vernacular, not for public performance, contained nonsense syllables, about love lost love and courtly topics
37
Whos was an influential composer of the late Renaissance who was employed as an organist and what church was he employed at?
Giovanni Gabrielli: St. Mark's Cathedral
38
What was the style of music called where the singers were placed in the various wings of the church?
Polychoral style
39
What was Gabrielli's Sonata pian'e Forte considered?
The first composition to include dynamic levels