Unit 2 Medieval And Renaissance Flashcards
When was the fall of the Roman Empire and what did it make occur?
Prior to 500 AD and the Dark Ages
What was the social structure of the The Dark Ages called and what were the lower classes called?
feudalism and serfs
What were people sustained in?
Their belief in God and the Roman Catholic Church
What was the primary music of the early church and who was a leader in its organization?
The chant and pope Gregory I
What are the characteristics of chants?
Monophonic, a capella, Latin text, unmetered, reverent quality, sung by monks and priests
Who was an important woman of the Middle Ages and what was her famous piece?
Hildegard of Bingen and ordo virtutum (play of virtues)
What was the central worship service of the Roman Catholic Church?
Mass
What were the main parts of the Mass Ordinary?
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnes Dei
What was the new line added to the chant called
Organum
Organum was a new and independent melody which was early what music?
Polyphonic
Who were two of the first composers of polyphonic music and what was their approach to composition called?
Leonin and Perotin; Ars Antiqua
What was the new Renaissance style of music called after Leonin and Perotin?
Ars Nova
What were the traveling entertainers called?
Minstrels
What were the people that composed the music for minstrels called?
Troubadours or trouveres
What were the German counterparts of troubadours called?
Minnisingers
Who was a notable woman composer who was a troubadour?
Countess of Dia
What was a bowed string instrument?
Vielle
What was a plucked string instrument?
Psaltery and harp
What were a wooden flute and a primitive oboe called?
Recorder and shawm
What were the percussion instruments of this time called?
Tabors and Tambourines
What was instrumental music mostly composed for?
Dancing
When did the Renaissance era last?
1450-1600
What does Renaissance mean?
“rebirth” but specifically mean a rekindling interest in the philosophy and art of the ancient Greek and Roman societies
During the Renaissance there was a great movement towards ____________
Humanism
Who was the Protestant Reformation led by?
Martin Luther
What did Martin Luther believe about organum?
It was too difficult to be understood and that worshippers should sing too
What did Martin Luther introduce in place of organum?
The chorale which was sung in the vernacular which was German
Who invented movable type?
Johannes Gutenberg
Who led the Church’s response to Martin Luther’s complaints and what was this event called?
The Council of Trent; the Counter Reformation
Who developed a style of music which maintained a polyphonic style while still allowing the words to be easily heard?
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Who was called the “Savior of Church Music?”
Palestrina
What was a new compositional technique in Renaissance church music that was much like a round?
Imitative polyphony
What was each series of imitation in imitative polyphony?
Point of imitation
What was the most significant instrument of the Renaissance?
Lute
What were a group of like instruments called?
Consorts
What was an important secular type of music called? and what were the 5 characteristics of it?
Madrigals: madrigalisms, sung in vernacular, not for public performance, contained nonsense syllables, about love lost love and courtly topics
Whos was an influential composer of the late Renaissance who was employed as an organist and what church was he employed at?
Giovanni Gabrielli: St. Mark’s Cathedral
What was the style of music called where the singers were placed in the various wings of the church?
Polychoral style
What was Gabrielli’s Sonata pian’e Forte considered?
The first composition to include dynamic levels
