Unit 2: Medical Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
What is defined as any substance that occupies space and has mass?
A
matter
2
Q
What are the three basic forms of matter?
A
solid
liquid
gas
3
Q
What is a form of matter but is massless and does not take up space?
A
energy
4
Q
- Lack of expansion.
- Definite shape.
- Constant volume.
- Rigid and difficult to compress.
- High density.
- Severely limited mixability.
A
solid
5
Q
- Limited expansion.
- Lack of characteristics shape.
- Maintenance of volume.
- Slightly compressible.
- High density.
- Diffusion in other liquids.
A
liquid
6
Q
- Infinite and uniform expansion.
- Indefinite shape or volume.
- Easily compressible.
- Low density.
- Complete and rapid mixing in other gases.
A
gas
7
Q
Any pure substance that can be broken down by chemical means into two or more different simpler substances
A
compound
8
Q
Simplest form of pure substance.
They cannot be broken into anything else by physical or chemical means
A
element
9
Q
Two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and can be separated by physical means
A
mixtures
10
Q
Energy is actually doing work (moving objects)
A
kinetic energy
11
Q
Energy is inactive or stored
A
potential energy
12
Q
What are the three fundamental particles that compose an atom?
A
electron
proton
neutron
13
Q
What particle has no electrical charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu?
A
neutron
14
Q
What particle has a positive electrical charge and a mass of approximately 1 amu?
A
proton
15
Q
The protons and neutrons are found in…
A
the nucleus of the atom
16
Q
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is
called the
A
mass number
17
Q
What particle has a negative electrical charge and exist in orbit around the nucleus?
A
electron
18
Q
The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the…
A
atomic number (Z)
19
Q
The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to…
A
the number of protons
20
Q
The number of neutrons is equal to the difference between the…
A
mass number of the atom (M) and the atomic number (Z)
21
Q
What is the microscopic unit of structure of all living things?
A
a cell
22
Q
What is the green pigment that plant cells contain but not animal cells?
A
chlorophyll
23
Q
Neither chlorophyll nor a ____ ____ is present in animal cells.
A
cell wall
24
Q
What is the name of the animal cell component that surrounds the cell and allows certain materials to pass through it?
A
cell (plasma) membrane
25
What are the basic units of heredity that guide the activities of each individual cell?
genes
26
Which organelles are the “powerhouses” of the cell that recharge ADP to form ATP molecules?
mitochondria
27
Lies within the cell and stores information that guides the life processes of the cell
nucleus
28
Used to describe the matter within the walls of the cell
A combination of water and a variety of materials dissolved in the water
protoplasm
29
Resembles a circulatory system for the individual cell
It’s a network composed of unit (single-thickness) membranes
In many cells, it connects the nucleus with the outside of the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
30
The “traffic director” for cellular proteins, receives certain protein substances from the endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
31
These are granular particle “protein factories” in the cell
They contain ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Ribosomes are found free in the cytoplasm, clustered, or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
32
These organelles play a major role in cell division
centrioles
33
These are membrane-bound spheres that contain enzymes that can digest intracellular structures or foreign substances, such as bacteria
lysosomes
34
What is the name of the process in which the genetic material of the cell is doubled?
mitosis
35
What is the name of the condition when size of the individual cells increases?
hypertrophy
36
What do we call increased tissue mass that results from greater numbers of cells?
hyperplasia
37
What is the loss of tissue mass that results from a wasting away of the cell?
atrophy
38
Where is extracellular fluid found?
In the interstitial fluid between the cells and in the circulating fluid called plasma
39
Why is water called the universal solvent?
Because of its ability to dissolve many substances within itself
40
What are the two ways in which the human body obtains water?
Drinking and metabolic oxidation
41
What are ways that the human body can lose water?
perspiration
respiration
urination
vomiting & diarrhea
42
What is the water loss called when sweat is not obvious?
Insensible perspiration
43
What are four examples of dissolved substances carried in body fluids?
gases
nutrients
wastes
hormones
44
What do you call the body’s tendency to maintain a steady state of balance?
Homeostasis
45
What are the chemicals in the body fluids that dissociate into ions and must be present in certain proportions and concentrations in each fluid compartment?
Electrolytes
46
What do you call the extracellular fluid that has a greater concentration of electrolytes than the intracellular fluid?
Hypertonic
47
What do you call the extracellular fluid that has a lesser concentration of electrolytes in extracellular fluid than in intracellular
fluid?
Hypotonic
48
If the electrolyte concentrations of extracellular fluid equal that of intracellular fluid
isotonic
49
How does hypotonic extracellular fluid destroy the cell?
Fluids enter the cell and cause it to swell and burst
50
What is the process by which gases move from a region of higher molecular concentration to a region of lower molecular concentration?
Diffusion
51
What is the process by which water tends to pass through the cell membrane to the areas of greater concentration?
Osmosis
52
Movement of water and small solute particles
Movement occurs from area of high pressure to area of low pressure
Filtration
53
What is the term used to describe the cell membrane’s engulfing a large particle such as bacteria or other cells?
"Cell eating"
Phagocytosis
54
The movement of fluid and dissolved molecules into a cell by trapping them in a section of the plasma membrane that pinches off inside the cell
"Cell drinking"
Pinocytosis
55
What is the situation in living cells where there is generally a higher concentration of positively charged ions on the outside of the cell and a higher concentration of negatively charged ions on the inside of the cell?
Membrane potential
56
What do you call the electrical gradient when there is more negative charge inside the cell and a positive charge outside the cell?
Resting potential
57
What do you call the electrical activity that occurs in stimulated neuron or muscle fiber?
Action potential
58
What do you call groups of like cells that together perform a common function or functions?
Tissues
59
What are grouped tissues that perform common functions called?
Organs
60
What do you call the tissue that covers surfaces, line cavities, and form glands.
Whose function is to protect, absorb, or secrete?
Epithelial tissue
61
What do you call the tissue that is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body. It is found in skin, membranes, muscles, bones, nerves, and all internal organs
connective tissue
62
What are the four main classes of connective tissue?
connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone tissue
blood
63
What are the major functions of connective tissues?
binding and support
protection
insulation
transportation of substances
64
Name the fiber of connective tissue that is tough, resistant, but flexible to a pulling force
Collagenous
65
Name the fiber of connective tissue that are smaller than collagenous fibers and provide strength and stretching ability. They are found in the walls in arteries, lung tissue, and bronchial tubes
Elastic
66
Name the fiber of connective tissue that are very thin, provide support and strength, and form the framework for many soft organs
Reticular
67
What are the two subclasses of connective tissue?
loose and dense connective tissue
68
What is the function of loose connective tissue?
Filler material in the spaces between the organs
69
What are the subclasses of loose connective tissue?
areolar
adipose
reticular
70
Which subclass of loose connective tissue has four functions to include supporting and binding other tissues, holding body fluids, defending against infection, and storing nutrients as fat
areolar connective tissue
71
Which subclass of loose connective tissue accounts for 90 percent of the tissue mass and functions include providing reserve food fuel, insulating against heat loss, and supporting and protecting organs
Adipose (fat) tissue
72
Which subclass of loose connective tissue are made up of reticular fibers. Function is to form a soft internal skeleton that supports white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages
Reticular connective tissues
73
Name two examples of dense fibrous connective tissues.
Ligaments and tendons
74
which type of dense fibrous connective tissue holds the bones together at a joint?
ligaments
75
which type of dense fibrous connective tissue attaches a muscle to a bone?
tendons
76
The elasticity of fibrous connective tissues is more or less proportional to what factor?
Temperature
77
Name three types of cartilage in the human body
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
78
What connective tissue serves as the storage area for calcium and other minerals?
bone
79
Name the connective tissue that has both transportation and protective functions in the body.
blood
80
Which muscle tissues are long and cylindrical and have numerous nuclei?
Skeletal muscle tissues
81
Which muscle tissues are short, branched, contain one nucleus, and are striated or banded?
Cardiac muscle tissues
82
Which muscle tissues are spindle-shaped, containing one nucleus, and are not striated
Smooth muscle tissue
83
What is the function of the neuron or nerve cell?
To pick up and transmit a signal from one part of the body to another
84
Name the junction between two neurons and is the point at which a signal passes from one neuron to the next
Synapse
85
What do you call special cells that support and protect the nervous system?
neuroglia or glia cells
