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AP Government > Unit 2 Media, Parties, Campaigning, Interest Groups > Flashcards

Unit 2 Media, Parties, Campaigning, Interest Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three roles of the media?

A

gatekeeper, scorekeeper, and watchdog

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2
Q

What basically does the Federal Communication Commission do?

A

it regulates the airwaves

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3
Q

What do reporters use investigative journalism to do?

A

checks the honesty of the government

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4
Q

What does partisan journalism do?

A

openly support a certain political party

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5
Q

What are the four effects of the media on politics?

A

selective attention, endorsement of candidates, national convention coverage, issues highlighted by media attraction

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6
Q

What are the four factors that influence media stories?

A

deadlines, audience attraction, fairness, bias

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7
Q

What is narrow casting?

A

a media transmission for a specific audience

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8
Q

What does yellow journalism do?

A

report shocking stories in order to gain the public attention

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9
Q

What is the main idea behind sampling?

A

those represented speak for the represent the entire group

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10
Q

When do sampling errors occur?

A

when the poll gives misleading results

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11
Q

What is ideology?

A

a set of beliefs

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12
Q

What does a reactionary advocate?

A

a return back to the previous state of affairs

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13
Q

What is the process by which citizens acquire a new sense of political identity?

A

political socialization

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14
Q

What type of poll uses the same questions for a large group of people?

A

straw poll

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15
Q

What are six forms of political socialization elements?

A

family, media, school, peers, religion, political institutions

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16
Q

What are the three ways political opinion can be affected?

A

it can be changed, activated, or crystallized

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17
Q

What are the parts of political parties?

A

the electorate, government, and organization

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18
Q

What are the four roles of political parties?

A

recruit candidates, nominate and support candidates for office, educate the electorate, organize the government

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19
Q

What are the six factors that affect how one identifies with a certain political party?

A

education, income, race, gender, religion, family

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20
Q

What do all political parties want to do?

A

win!!!

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21
Q

When does dealignment occur?

A

when a significant number of voters no longer support a particular political party.

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22
Q

When does realignment occur?

A

when a large amount of supporters for a particular dominant party switch to another party

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23
Q

What are the three types of third parties?

A

ideological, factional, single issue

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24
Q

What is soft money?

A

money that is distributed through the national party not a particular candidate

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25
Q

What are three factors that cause the decline of political parties?

A

loss of support by party loyalists, increase in split ticket voting, lack o perceived differences between the parties

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26
Q

What are the two major functions of a national convention?

A

to write the party platform and to nominate the party’s candidates for the president and vice president.

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27
Q

What are the three main causes of realignment?

A

war, economic crisis, societal changes

28
Q

What are eight forms of political participation?

A

voting, attending meetings, forming interest groups, contacting officials, campaigning, donating, running for office, protesting

29
Q

What is the right to vote?

A

suffrage

30
Q

What type of election allows citizens to directly vote for a candidate?

A

direct primary

31
Q

What type of election is started with a petition to remove a candidate?

A

recall

32
Q

What allows citizens to directly vote on issues?

A

referendum

33
Q

What allows citizens to petition a direct vote on an issue?

A

initiative

34
Q

What is the most common form of political participation?

A

voting

35
Q

What eleven factors affect voting?

A

education, occupation and income, age, race, gender, religion, marital status, union membership, community membership, party identification, geography

36
Q

What are off year elections?

A

elections that occur when the presidential election does not

37
Q

What did the Federal Election Campaign Act do?

A

limited the amount of campaign funds that can be spent on advertising

38
Q

What supreme court case proved the FECA unconstitutional?

A

Buckley v. Valeo

39
Q

What did the Bipartisan Campaign Financial Reform Act do?

A

banned the use of soft money for federal campaigns

40
Q

What is a 527 interest group?

A

A single issue interest group

41
Q

What amount of electoral college vote is required to win?

A

270

42
Q

What did James Madison warn about in Federalist paper #10?

A

factions

43
Q

What are the four functions of interest groups?

A

raise awareness, represent membership, provide information, provide channels for political participation

44
Q

What are the four types of economic interest groups?

A

labor, business, professional, agriculture

45
Q

What are the three strategies interest groups use?

A

influencing elections, lobbying, litigation

46
Q

What is litigation?

A

taking an issue to court

47
Q

What is a political action committee?

A

a type of organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to a campaign

48
Q

What did the Lobbying Disclosure Act do?

A

regulated and restricted Lobbying

49
Q

How is an interest group different from a political party?

A

Interest groups have no legal status in elections

50
Q

The method in which interests groups send out communications in order to influence policy makers:

A

grassroots lobbying

51
Q

What is front loading?

A

holding elections early in the calender year in order to get more attention

52
Q

What did the McCain-Feingold Act do?

A

bans soft money, increased amount of individual contributions, and limited issue ads.

53
Q

What state has the first caucus?

A

Iowa

54
Q

What state has the first primary?

A

New Hampshire

55
Q

Who picks the president if there is no majority?

A

the House of Representatives

56
Q

What is retrospective voting?

A

voters cast a vote based on what the candidate has done in the past for them

57
Q

What are the three parts of the iron triangles?

A

Agency, Congress, Lobbyists

58
Q

What type of party forms around a single issue and what is an example of one?

A

Single Issue Party, Right to Life

59
Q

What type of party forms around a broad belief and what is an example of one?

A

Ideological Party, Libertarian

60
Q

What type of party forms from a split in a party?

A

Factorial Party, Bull Moose Party of 1912

61
Q

What is a positive effect of front loading?

A

more media attention

62
Q

What is a negative effect of front loading?

A

it gives wealthier candidates an advantage over others

63
Q

What are two ways candidates use the internet for campaigning?

A

websites and email

64
Q

What are the advantages of using the internet for campaigning?

A

easier to fund raise, cheaper, more controllable

65
Q

What is a disadvantage of internet in campaigning?

A

rumors can spread quickly

66
Q

What did the Motor Voter Act do?

A

force the states to offer voting to citizens applying for drivers licenses

67
Q

What are political action committees?

A

a type of organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation

AP Government (7 decks)

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