Unit 2: Matter and Chemical Bonding

Question 1

Subatomic particles

Answer 1

Protons: P^+ - in nucleus, mass = 1 (= to atomic #)
Neutrons: n^0 - in nucleus, mass - 1 (atomic mass - atomic #)
Electrons: e^ - in orbitals, mass = 0 (= to atomic #)

Question 2

Isotopes

Answer 2

elements that have atoms which differ by the number of neutrons

Question 3

Hydrogen issotopes

Answer 3

Protium 1
Deutrerium 2
Tritium 3

Question 4

Radioissotope

Answer 4

Nucleus decays

Question 5

Atmoic mass

Answer 5

a mass for one atom of an element based on the weighted averageof all mass #s of the issotopes

AM = (MNa x%A + MNb x%b etc)/100

Question 6

Ion

Answer 6

An atom with an electrical charge because it lost or gained electrons

Question 7

Reacticity

Answer 7

a measure of how likely a substance is to be involved in a chem reaction

F is lowest Fr is most reactive

Question 8

Atomic radius

Answer 8

a measure of the size of the atom
down = bigger
left = smaller

Question 9

Ionic radius

Answer 9

Metal ions are smaller than metal atoms, metals want to have a full shell so they gain electrons

Question 10

First ionization energy

Answer 10

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom,
Fr lowest F highest +noble gasses

Question 11

Coulombs law

Answer 11

the attraction between opposite charges decreases with increased distance between them

Question 12

Electronaffinity

Answer 12

(gaining electrons) ability to capture electrons
Measured in KJ/mol
F is highest and Fr and noble gases lowest

Question 13

Electronegativity

Answer 13

ability to capture electrons but measured on a scale from 0-4
Fr is highest
F is lowest

Question 14

Molecules

Answer 14

Created by atoms joining together into larger particles

Question 15

law of definite proportions

Answer 15

The molecules of a compound alwaus have the same number of each type of atom
ex,. h20 always has 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen

Question 16

Ionic bond

Answer 16

transfer of electrons between atoms

Question 17

Covalent/molecular bond

Answer 17

sharing electrons between atoms

Question 18

EN scale

Answer 18

0-0.5 non-polar covalent
0.5-1.7 polar covalent (uneven sharing)
1.7-4 ionic bond

Question 19

Intramolecular forces

Answer 19

forces within a molecule that hold it together
ex. non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic

Question 20

Intermolecular forces

Answer 20

attraction between molecules
3 main considerations:
-polarity of molecules
-size of molecules
-shape of molecules

Question 21

London forces

Answer 21

(size) substances with larger molecules have more attraction to each other than smaller molecules (attraction based on molecule size)

Question 22

Dipole-dipole

Answer 22

attraction based on polarityHy

Question 23

Hydrogen bond

Answer 23

technically not a bond but attraction
a strong dipole dipole attraction
occurs between molecules that have an H bonded to O, N, or F

Question 24

Ionic crystal lattice

Answer 24

how they connect, most solid pure substances are in this form