Unit 1: Nomenclature

Question 1

Multivalent elements

Answer 1

Ag:1
Zn: 2
Hg, Cu: 1,2
Au: 1,3
Fe, Co, Ni, Cr: 2,3
Sn, Pb, Mn: 2,4
As, Sb, P: 3,5

Question 2

Classical method

Answer 2

Used for multivalent elements
-“ous” is lower valence
-“ic” is higher valence

Question 3

Greek prefix method

Answer 3

Used for naming molecular binary compounds
mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

Question 4

Organic molecule

Answer 4

Molecule must contain carbon and hydrogen

naming:
-1 carbon = methane
-2 carbons = eth-
-3 carbons = prop-
-4 carbons = but -

(Monkeys Eat Peeled Bananas)

Question 5

Hydrocarbon

Answer 5

A chemical compound that only consists of carbon and hydrogen

Question 6

Derived polyatomic ions

Answer 6

-per = one extra oxygen
-ite = one less oxygen
-hypo = 2 less oxygen

Question 7

Binary acids

Answer 7

Only contain hydrogen and one other element
-always start with “hydro”
ex. HBr, hydrobromic acid

Question 8

Oxy acids

Answer 8

Always contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a polyatomic ion
-typically end in “-ic acid”
-one extra oxygen = per
-one less oxygen = ous
-two less oxygen = hypo-ous

Question 9

Salts from oxy acids

Answer 9

If acid ended in “ic” change to “-ate_
If acid ended in “-ous” change salt to “-ite_

Question 10

Acid salts

Answer 10

IDKKK**

Question 11

Thio compounds

Answer 11

Oxygen is replaced by sulfur (one less oxygen and sulfur is in front)
ex. sulfate usually is SO4^2-
becomes …. S2O3^2

Question 12

Salt hydrates

Answer 12

Greek prefixes used to determine # of water molecules
**remember the middle . in between salt and hydrate

Question 13

Peroxides

Answer 13

Have one extra oxygen
-always a binary compound with oxygen as an element