Unit 2: Mass Flashcards

1
Q

Mass (Renaissance) background and origins

A
  • earliest Mass settings: monophonic chant
  • 12th and 13th century: many chants (particularly those from Mass Proper) served as basis for organum
  • first complete polyphonic setting of Mass Ordinary: Mess de Nostre Dame by Guillaume de Machaut (among longest extant works from Middle Ages)
  • Renaissance: polyphonic setting of 5 mvts of Mass Ordinary (explore contrapuntal techniques)
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2
Q

What is an example of the earliest Mass setting?

A

Haec dies from the Gregorian Mass for Easter Day

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3
Q

Mass (Renaissance) characteristic features

A
  • unified polyphonic setting of 5 sections of Mass Ordinary
  • generally 4 to 6 voices
  • in addition to chant melodies, secular songs used as melodic sources for cantus firmus
  • mvts could be linked thematically
  • could be freely composed (entirely new material)
  • combine imitative counterpoint w/ homorhythmic passage: variety & interest in text setting
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4
Q

What is an example of a secular song being used as a melodic source for the cantus firmus in the Renaissance Mass?

A

L’homme armé (based on popular battle tune)

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5
Q

How could the movements of the Renaissance Mass be linked thematically?

A

same motive or cantus firmus used throughout 5 sections of Mass Ordinary

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6
Q

The Reformation

A
  • 16th-century Christian reform mvt in Europe
  • led by Martin Luther
  • formed many new Protestant dominations and churches
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7
Q

Martin Luther

A
  • leader of Protestant Reformation
  • founder of Lutheran church
  • poster “Ninety-Five These” (reforms) in 1517
  • because of translated bible, congregation can actively participate using native language
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8
Q

What do Martin Luther’s reforms include?

A
  • conduct service in German instead of Latin
  • engage congregation: replace elaborate polyphonic settings of the Mass w/ simpler music (German monophonic hymn tune that are were easy to sing)
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9
Q

The Counter-Reformation

A
  • mid-16th-century reaction of Catholic Church to Protestant Reformation
  • Church attempt win power back (reign political power and authority)
  • response include convening Council of Trent
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10
Q

Council of Trent

A
  • series meeting of highest Catholic Church officials
  • Trento, Italy 1545 - 1563
  • condemned “Protestant heresies”
  • reaffirmed doctrines of Catholicism
  • recommendations regarding liturgical music
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11
Q

What were the Council of Trent’s recommendations regarding liturgical music?

A
  • text should be clear and intelligible
  • counterpoint should not be overly dense or thick
  • exept for organ, nstruments should not be used
  • use of secular cantus firmus banned
  • displays virtuosity should be avoided
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