Unit 2 - KA 5: Metabolism in Adverse Conditions

Question 1

Define Adverse Conditions

Answer 1

Aconditions that are beyond the limits an organism can tolerate

Question 2

What two options does an organism facing adverse conditions have?

Answer 2

Dormancy

Migration

Question 3

Describe dormancy

Answer 3

Dormancy involves decreasing metabolic activity to the minimum during a period when the normal metabolic costs would be too high.

Question 4

What is all decreased during dormancy?

Answer 4

Metabolic rate
Heart rate
Breathing rate
Body temperature

Question 5

Describe the two types of dormancy

Answer 5

Predictive- When an organism becomes dormant before the arrival of adverse conditions.
Consequential- When an organism becomes dormant after the arrival of adverse conditions, this is common in regions with an unpredicatble climate.

Question 6

Name the three examples of dormancy

Answer 6

Hibernation
Aestivation
Daily Torpor

Question 7

Describe hibernation

Answer 7

Form of dormancy in some mammals, allowing them to survive low temperatures and winter conditions.

Question 8

Describe aestivation

Answer 8

Form of dormancy in animals allowing them to survive drought conditions. This prevents them from drying out by reducing metabolic rate.

Question 9

Describe daily torpor

Answer 9

Form of dormancy occuring animals with high metabolic rate. They reduce their activity for part of every 24 hour period, slowing heart rate and breathing rate. Short term hibernation.

Question 10

Describe migration

Answer 10

Migration allows organisms to avoid adverse conditions by expending energy to relocate to a more suitable location.

Question 11

Describe methods of tracking migration.

Answer 11

leg rings- a metal ring with unique details being attached to the birds leg
Satellite tracking- lightweight transmitters are attached or inserted. Signals from the tracker are picked up by a receiver or satellite.

Question 12

Describe the two behaviours in animals

Answer 12

innate- Knowledge that is inherited and inflexible. the behaviour pattern is performed the same way by every member of a species. Most migratory behaviour is innate.
Learned- behaviour is gained through experience. It is flexible and is a result of trial and error, and the passing of knowledge throughout a social group. Migratory behaviour may play a secondary rule in migratory behaviour