Unit 2: Human Resource Management

Question 1

labour turnover

Answer 1

of staff leaving/ total # of staff x 100

the amount of employees in and out of a business in given time period and an indicator of how stable a business is

Question 2

Recruitment Process

Answer 2

Identification/job analysis (job description)
Application (advertisements)
Selection (interviews)

Question 3

induction

Answer 3

focuses on making the employee familiar with the way a business functions and with the lines of authority

Question 4

on the job

Answer 4

employees train while working

Question 5

off the job

Answer 5

employee is given time off work to train

Question 6

cognitive

Answer 6

training that helps employees develop their thinking and processing skills

Question 7

behavioural

Answer 7

helps employees develop their intrapersonal skills (how they work with others) and interpersonal skills (how they manage emotions)

Question 8

formative appraisal

Answer 8

focus is to give employees feedback when they have done well in areas and which they need help in

Question 9

summative

Answer 9

measures employees performance based on a set of criteria/standards

Question 10

360

Answer 10

allows employees to get appraisal from line management and 4-8 co-workers as well as giving multiple perspectives

Question 11

self-appraisal

Answer 11

individual reflects on their own performance

Question 12

dismissal/redundancy process

Answer 12

• Incompetence (lack of ability in carrying out the job)
• Misconduct (unacceptable behaviour)
• Gross misconduct (theft, fraud, sexual harassment)
• Legal Requirements (don’t have the necessary skills)

3 steps:

1. Initial Warning
2. Written warning and a formal meeting with the employees
3. Any further case of misconduct

Question 13

delegation

Answer 13

manager gives authority for a particular decision but not the responsibility for the outcome of the decision

Question 14

span of control

Answer 14

this refers to how many subordinates are directly under the authority of a manager

Question 15

levels of hierarchy

Answer 15

how many levels of responsibility are in a business. each level of hierarchy indicates line managers - people who have authority

Question 16

chain of command

Answer 16

this is when the line down which instructions are passed through the layers in the hierarchy

Question 17

bureaucracy

Answer 17

rules, policies and procedures that exist in an organization

Question 18

centralization

Answer 18

senior management of an organization maintains a high level of control over decision-making in the organization

Question 19

decentralization

Answer 19

the CEO and senior management delegate decision-making responsibilities to managers in different areas of the business

Question 20

de layering

Answer 20

senior management of the organization remove layers from the organizations hierarchy to make it flatter

Question 21

autocratic

Answer 21

autocratic leaders makes all the decisions on their own with no input

Question 22

paternalistic

Answer 22

shares features with autocratic leadership in that the leader has considerable authority over employees and makes the decisions

Question 23

democratic

Answer 23

promotes the active participation of workers in making decisions

Question 24

laissez-faire

Answer 24

leaves much of the business decision-making to the workforce. extreme version of a democratic leadership

Question 25

situational

Answer 25

the style of leadership depends on the task at hand

Question 26

Taylors motivational theory

Answer 26

Taylor believed that people work for one reason only and that’s money. Taylor believe that it was managements responsibility to decide how tasks were to be completed and the tools needed to complete the tasks as efficiently as possible

Question 27

Maslow’s theory

Answer 27

Maslow believed that everyone had the same needs as they satisfied them they moved to the next level

• self-actualization
• esteem needs
• belongingness and love needs
• safety needs
• psychological needs

Question 28

Herzberg theory

Answer 28

his work stemmed from research of satisfcation and disatisfaction on accountants and engineers

job statisfaction: intrinsic factors. these are motivators
job disatisfaction: extrinsic factors. these are hygiene factors

Question 29

Adam’s Equity Theory

Answer 29

employees are demotivated if their inputs are higher than their outputs.

inputs: loyalty, commitment and skill
outputs: financial rewards, recognition, and security

Question 30

Daniel Pink theory

Answer 30

a business has to tap into employee’s intrinsic motivation. businesses should allow settings to have autonomy (freedom), mastery (opportunity), purpose