Unit 2: Hormones That Affect Blood Sugar

Question 1

Hormones that affect blood sugar:
8. Insulin:

Answer 1

•secreted by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans (pancreas).
•makes cells more permeable to glucose after a meal, thereby decreasing blood glucose.
•promotes the temporary storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver.

Question 2

Hormones that affect blood sugar:
9. Glucagon:

Answer 2

•secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans.
•promotes the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream.
•promotes the breakdown of fatty tissue into glucose, thereby increasing blood glucose.
-insulin and glucagon are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms, working antagonistically to maintain normal blood glucose levels.

Question 3

Glycogen:

Answer 3

-stored form of glucose.

Question 4

Diabetes mellitus:

Answer 4

-the inability to produce enough insulin or respond appropriately to insulin.
•causes blood glucose levels to rise sharply after meals.
•lack of insulin to lower blood glucose and transport it to cells.
•cells can’t obtain glucose required for metabolism; individuals become fatigued.
•body compensates by metabolizing fats and proteins. This releases ketones, a toxic by-product which causes bad breath.
-two types (type 1, type 2).

Question 5

Type 1 diabetes:

Answer 5

•diagnosed in childhood.
•immune system produces antibodies that attack and destroy the beta cells of the pancreas.
•leads to decreased insulin production.
•treated with daily insulin injections.

Question 6

Type 2 diabetes:

Answer 6

•develops over time.
•cell receptors stop responding to insulin, or beta cells produce less insulin.
•often associated with poor diet and lack of exercise.
•treated with insulin injections before meals.

Question 7

Mellitus:

Answer 7

-(sugar).