Unit 1: Central & Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards
Nervous system branches:
- Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
••• - Peripheral nervous system:
- > Autonomic nervous system (communicates with internal organs and glands).
1.1 >Sympathetic division (arousing).
1.1> parasympathetic division (calming). - > Somatic nervous system (communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscles).
1.1 >sensory (afferent) nervous system (sensory input).
1.1 >motor (efferent) nervous system (motor output).
Autonomic:
Automatic.
Somatic:
Senses.
Central nervous system:
•composed of the brain and spinal cord, the central nervous system is the site of neural integration and processing.
-damage to the CNS can affect everything from temperament and motor control to the maintenance of homeostasis depending on which region is harmed.
-the CNS consists of two types of nervous tissues: grey & white matter.
The brain:
-the brain is the centre for intelligence, consciousness, and emotion. It also regulates bodily functions without conscious thought (e.g. breathing).
Organizations of the brain (need to know = caps):
•Forebrain:
-CEREBRAL CORTEX.
-basal ganglia.
-hippocampus.
-amygdala.
-thalamus.
-HYPOTHALAMUS.
•midbrain:
-tectum.
-tegmentum.
•hindbrain:
-PONS.
-CEREBELLUM.
-MEDULLA OBLONGATA.
The forebrain: cerebral cortex:
•the cerebral cortex or cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is divided into left and right hemispheres, and can be further categorized into four main lobes, each of which is responsible for a series of specific functions.
•left and right hemispheres:
-left-hemisphere: analytical & concrete.
-right-hemisphere: creative & abstract.
-communication between the two hemispheres via the corpus callosum is essential for integrating functions.
The cerebrum has:
Lobes.
Cerebrum:
-responsible for sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, conciousness, and voluntary movement.
Corpus callosum:
-group of fibres which connect L & R hemispheres.
Thalamus:
-relay center for the cortex: handles incoming and outgoing signals.
Cerebellum:
-coordinates fine muscle movement & balance.
Reticular formation:
-group of fibres that carries info to the pons.
Spinal cord:
-transmits info between the brain and body.
Medulla/medulla oblongata:
-regulates unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation.
Pons:
-involved in sleep & arousal.
Hippocampus:
-involved in learning and memory.
Pituitary gland:
-regulates hormone release.
Hypothalamus:
-regulates homeostasis (hunger, thirst, temperature control).
Amygdala:
-involved in emotional responses and aggression.
Four lobes of the cerebrum (1. frontal lobe):
-conscious thought.
-intelligence, memory, & personality.
-voluntary muscle movements.
-broca’s area (language production).
Four lobes of the cerebrum (2. Parietal lobe):
-somatosensory functions.
-touch.
-taste.
-processes information about body position.
Four lobes of the cerebrum (3. Temporal lobe):
-auditory reception (hearing).
-wernicke’s area (language comprehension).
Four lobes of the cerebrum (occipital lobe):
-processes visual information.
