Unit 2- Historical Globalization And Imperialism

Question 1

Adam Smith

Answer 1

A Scottish professor who in 1776 wrote a book titled The wealth of Nations.

Question 2

Capitalism

Answer 2

An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of property focusing on the accumulation of wealth and competition in a free market

Question 3

Colonialism

Answer 3

A form of imperialism where one nation dominates another politically, culturally, and economically

Question 4

Colony

Answer 4

A territory directly controlled by a foreign country

Question 5

Common good

Answer 5

The welfare of a society in general terms

Question 6

Communism

Answer 6

An ideology based on socialism created by Karl Marx

Question 7

Culture contract

Answer 7

The meeting of two cultures

Question 8

Cultural Imperialism

Answer 8

The practice of systematically spreading the influence of one culture over others by means of physical and economic domination

Question 9

Cultural relativism

Answer 9

The principle that what is good or bad can be determined only relative to one’s own culture

What is “good” is what is socially acceptable in the norms of one’s own culture

Question 10

Cross-cultural sensitivity

Answer 10

Involves an understanding that each culture has its own beliefs and values

Question 11

Depopulation

Answer 11

The significant reduction of the number of people (or animals, or plants) living in a community

Question 12

Empire

Answer 12

A major political unit having a territory of great extent or a number of terrorizes or peoples under a single sovereign authority

Question 13

Enlightenment

Answer 13

An intellectual and scientific movement of 18th century Europe which was characterized by a rational and scientific approach to religious, social, political, and economic issues

Question 14

Ethnocentrism

Answer 14

The assumption that the culture of one’s own group is moral, right, and rational and that other cultures are inferior

When confronted with a different culture, individuals judge it with reference to their own standards and make no attempt to understand and evaluate it from the perspective of its member

Question 15

Eurocentrism

Answer 15

The belief that the values and experiences of European society are more important than those of other cultures

These values includes the idea that progress includes using the natural environment for human purposes, the development of technology, gathering of wealth, and establishing political power

Question 16

Gradual Civilization Act, 1857

Answer 16

Allowed for the enfranchisement (right as a British citizen) as they spoke either French or English, were educated and of good moral character

Question 17

Immigration

Answer 17

The practice of entering and becoming a permanent resident in a country where one is not a native; movement into a nation

Question 18

Indian Act

Answer 18

First enacted in 1876 it has undergone several amendments the last in 2011

Question 19

Individualism

Answer 19

A value system in which choice, personal freedom, and self-orientation are of most importance

Question 20

Industrialization

Answer 20

The process of building a society whose economy is based on mass production of goods using technology

Question 21

Industrial Revolution

Answer 21

A period of rapid and major change in economies and social structure beginning in the late 18th century in England marked by the switch from hand power and small scale cottage industry to power-driven machinery and large scale factory industry

Question 22

Invisible Hand

Answer 22

The concept that an individual acts in his own best interest, he and she will also promote the good of the community; claimed by Adam Smith n his book, The Wealth of Nations

Question 23

Laussez-faire

Answer 23

Literally,to leave alone, the economic policy that government

Question 24

Economy

Answer 24

Should not interfere in the economy unless absolutely necessary

Question 25

Marginalization

Answer 25

The result of a less-dominant group taking on some of the habits and customs of the dominant society thereby becoming incompletely assimilated but no longer belonging to any cultural group

Question 26

Karl Marx

Answer 26

An influential German philosopher and political economist

Question 27

Means of production

Answer 27

Also known as factors of production; factors used to produce wealth including

• Land: the physical land and natural resources
• Labour: the effort that people supply to produce goods
• Capital: money and equipment such as factories and machinery

Question 28

Mercantilism

Answer 28

An economic policy in Europe in the 16th to 18th century in which national governments increased the prosperity by encouraging exports and discouraging imports, mostly through increased tariffs (taxes) on imported goods

This practice fell out of favor with the idea of more trade among nations although some degree of protectionism is still practiced today in many nations

Question 29

Numbered treaties

Answer 29

A series of eleven treaties signed between the aboriginal peoples in Canada and the government of Canada from 1872-1921

Question 30

Quebec Act, 1774

Answer 30

An act passed by the British Parliament to create an administrative system in Canada after the conquest of New France

Question 31

Royal Proclamation 1763

Answer 31

A proclamation issued by king George ||| to create government administration in the new territory ceded by France to Britain

Question 32

Socialism

Answer 32

A system that promotes the common good rather than individualism as the foundation for economic and social life

Question 33

Social Darwinism

Answer 33

An idea related to Darwin’s theory of evolution that those who get ahead in society are the most fit and deserving of their position

Question 34

Sovereignty

Answer 34

The condition of a country having the authority to make independent decisions concerning its own welfare

Question 35

Trade

Answer 35

The business of buying, selling, or bartering commodities among individuals, organizations, or nations