Unit 2- Historical Globalization And Imperialism Flashcards
Adam Smith
A Scottish professor who in 1776 wrote a book titled The wealth of Nations.
Capitalism
An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of property focusing on the accumulation of wealth and competition in a free market
Colonialism
A form of imperialism where one nation dominates another politically, culturally, and economically
Colony
A territory directly controlled by a foreign country
Common good
The welfare of a society in general terms
Communism
An ideology based on socialism created by Karl Marx
Culture contract
The meeting of two cultures
Cultural Imperialism
The practice of systematically spreading the influence of one culture over others by means of physical and economic domination
Cultural relativism
The principle that what is good or bad can be determined only relative to one’s own culture
What is “good” is what is socially acceptable in the norms of one’s own culture
Cross-cultural sensitivity
Involves an understanding that each culture has its own beliefs and values
Depopulation
The significant reduction of the number of people (or animals, or plants) living in a community
Empire
A major political unit having a territory of great extent or a number of terrorizes or peoples under a single sovereign authority
Enlightenment
An intellectual and scientific movement of 18th century Europe which was characterized by a rational and scientific approach to religious, social, political, and economic issues
Ethnocentrism
The assumption that the culture of one’s own group is moral, right, and rational and that other cultures are inferior
When confronted with a different culture, individuals judge it with reference to their own standards and make no attempt to understand and evaluate it from the perspective of its member
Eurocentrism
The belief that the values and experiences of European society are more important than those of other cultures
These values includes the idea that progress includes using the natural environment for human purposes, the development of technology, gathering of wealth, and establishing political power
Gradual Civilization Act, 1857
Allowed for the enfranchisement (right as a British citizen) as they spoke either French or English, were educated and of good moral character
Immigration
The practice of entering and becoming a permanent resident in a country where one is not a native; movement into a nation
Indian Act
First enacted in 1876 it has undergone several amendments the last in 2011
Individualism
A value system in which choice, personal freedom, and self-orientation are of most importance
Industrialization
The process of building a society whose economy is based on mass production of goods using technology
Industrial Revolution
A period of rapid and major change in economies and social structure beginning in the late 18th century in England marked by the switch from hand power and small scale cottage industry to power-driven machinery and large scale factory industry
Invisible Hand
The concept that an individual acts in his own best interest, he and she will also promote the good of the community; claimed by Adam Smith n his book, The Wealth of Nations
Laussez-faire
Literally,to leave alone, the economic policy that government
Economy
Should not interfere in the economy unless absolutely necessary
Marginalization
The result of a less-dominant group taking on some of the habits and customs of the dominant society thereby becoming incompletely assimilated but no longer belonging to any cultural group
Karl Marx
An influential German philosopher and political economist
Means of production
Also known as factors of production; factors used to produce wealth including
- Land: the physical land and natural resources
- Labour: the effort that people supply to produce goods
- Capital: money and equipment such as factories and machinery
Mercantilism
An economic policy in Europe in the 16th to 18th century in which national governments increased the prosperity by encouraging exports and discouraging imports, mostly through increased tariffs (taxes) on imported goods
This practice fell out of favor with the idea of more trade among nations although some degree of protectionism is still practiced today in many nations
Numbered treaties
A series of eleven treaties signed between the aboriginal peoples in Canada and the government of Canada from 1872-1921
Quebec Act, 1774
An act passed by the British Parliament to create an administrative system in Canada after the conquest of New France
Royal Proclamation 1763
A proclamation issued by king George ||| to create government administration in the new territory ceded by France to Britain
Socialism
A system that promotes the common good rather than individualism as the foundation for economic and social life
Social Darwinism
An idea related to Darwin’s theory of evolution that those who get ahead in society are the most fit and deserving of their position
Sovereignty
The condition of a country having the authority to make independent decisions concerning its own welfare
Trade
The business of buying, selling, or bartering commodities among individuals, organizations, or nations
