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HEMATOLOGY LEC > Unit 2 Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Unit 2 Hematopoiesis Flashcards

PPT and Discussion based

1
Q

Formation of blood cells

A

Hematopoiesis

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2
Q

Continuous, regulated process of renewal, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of all blood cell lines

A

Hematopoiesis

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3
Q

Two types of hematopoiesis

A

Prenatal and Postnatal

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4
Q

Erythropoiesis
Leukopoiesis (myelopoiesis, lymphopoiesis)
Megakaryopoiesis

A

Hematopoiesis

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5
Q

3 stages of prenatal hematopoiesis

A

1 Mesoblastic period
2 Hepatic period
3 Myeloid/Medullary period

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6
Q

Prenatal Hematopoiesis during Fetal development

A

Mesoblastic period
Hepatic period

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7
Q

Prenatal hematopoiesis

Starts during fetal development and persistent throughout

A

Myeloid/Medullary period

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8
Q

begins as early as the nineteenth day after fertilization in the yolk sac of the embryo

A

mesoblastic period (primitive erythropoiesis)

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9
Q

only erythrocytes are made (primitive erythropoiesis)

A

Mesoblastic period

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10
Q

Mesoblastic period

RBCs contain unique fetal hemmoglobins

A

Gower-1
Gower-2
Portland

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11
Q

Mesoblastic period occurs ___

A

intravascularly because wala pang developed blood sep

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12
Q

Start of hemohlobin production at

A

Primitive hemoglobin

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13
Q

Begins around 5-7 gestational weeks

A

Hepatic period

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14
Q

Becomes the chief site of blood cell production

A

Fetal liver

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15
Q

Organs contributing to hematopoiesis

A

Spleen
Kidney
Thymus
Lymph nodes

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16
Q

Hepatic period occurs

A

Extravascularly (kasi may blood vessesls na)

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17
Q

Beginning of definitive hematopoiesis

A

Hepatic period

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18
Q

Megakaryopoiesis begins

A

Hepatic period

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19
Q

Hgb F and adult hemoglobins

A

Hepatic period

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20
Q

Begins at the 4th to 5th month of fetal development

A

Myeloid/Medullary Period

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21
Q

Occurs in the medulla of bone marrow

A

Myeloid/Medullary period

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22
Q

By the end of 24th weeks of gestation, it becomes the primary site

A

Bone Marrow

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23
Q

Detectable levels of

A

EPO, G-CSF,GM-CSF

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24
Q

Fetal Hgb and Adult Hgb

A

Myeloid/Medullary period

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25
Q

It peaks at 4th month and when it peaks it becomes myeloid

A

Liver

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26
Q

Bone marrow

A

Medullary

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27
Q

Liver

A

extramedullary

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28
Q

only in the absence of hematopoiesis

A

extramedullary

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29
Q

hematopoiesis in areas other than bone marrow

A

extramedullary hematopoiesis

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30
Q

Hematopoietic tissues

A

Bone marrow
Liver
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus

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31
Q

source of RBC line

A

Precursors

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32
Q

Located inside the spongy bone

A

Bone marrow

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33
Q

In normal adult, 1/2 of bone marrow is

A

Hematopoietically active (red marrow)

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34
Q

In normal adult the other 1/2 of bone marrow is

A

Inactive, fatty marrow (yellow marrow)

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35
Q

Marrow contains both

A

Erythroid (RBC) and Leukocyte (WBC) precursors

(as well as platelet precursors)

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36
Q

Early in life most of the marrow is red marrow and it gradually decreases to the adult level of 50% and the remaining 50% is

A

50% fat cells/adipose
(other 50% is hematopoietic)

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37
Q

When bone marrow increases its activity 5-10X its normal state

A

Hyperplastic

(because it replaces the yellow marrow with red marrow)

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38
Q

Hyperplastic conditions occur when there is

A

increased or ineffective hematopoiesis

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39
Q

Pathologic states that causes Hyperplastic

A

Acute blood loss in which there is temporary replacement of the yellow marrow (if you lose 20% blood volume)

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40
Q

Erythropoiesis (RBC Production) may increase to the extent that the marrow starts to erode the bone itself

A

Severe chronic anemia

41
Q

Both normal red marrow and fatty marrow may be replaced by proliferating abnormal cells

A

Malignant disease

42
Q

Neutrophils stored in bone marrow

A

Myelokathexis

43
Q

IF cell line goes beyond 70% it becomes

A

hyperplastic

44
Q

Causes of hypolastic/inactive

A

Chemicals
Genetics
Myeloproliferative disease that replaces hematopoietic tissue with firbrous tissue

45
Q

mas madami adipose

A

hypoplastic

46
Q

Ratio of marrow cells to fat

A

Cellularity

47
Q

30-70% HSCs

A

Normocellular

48
Q

≥70% HSCs

A

Hypercellular/Hyperplastic

49
Q

<30 HSCs

A

Hypocellula/Hypoplastic

50
Q

Few or no HSCs

A

Aplastic

51
Q

the ratio of granulocytes and their precursors to nucleated erythroid precursors

A

Myleloid:erythroid ratio

52
Q

Normal ratio of M:E is between

A

2:1 and 4:1 (Avg of 3:1)

53
Q

Granulocytes are numerous because of their short survival ___ days as compared to erythrocytes of ___ days

A

1-2 days
120 days

54
Q

Infection ratio

A

6:1

55
Q

Leukemia ratio

A

25:1

56
Q

Myeloid hyperplasia ratio

A

20:1

57
Q

Myeloid hypoplasia

A

3:20

58
Q

extramedullary organ
contributory to homeostasis/protein synthesis

A

Liver

59
Q

Functions of hepatocytes

A

protein synthesis and degredation
coagulation factor synthesis
carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
drug and toxin clearance
iron recycling
storage and hemoglobin degredation in which bilirubin is conjugated and transported to the small intestine for eventual excretion

60
Q

Low hemoglobin =

A

High Ferritin

61
Q

Contains phagocytic cells known as kupffer cells which act as a filter for damaged or aged cells in a manner similar to but less efficient than the phagocytic cells in the spleen

A

Liver

62
Q

Pigments that are products of RBC degredation

A

Yellow and Brown pigment

63
Q

same chemical composition as plasma

A

lymphatic fluid

64
Q

Composed of lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels that drain into the left and right lymphatic duct

A

Lymphatic system

65
Q

composed of lymphocytes, macrophages and a reticular network

A

lymph nodes

65
Q

Formed from blood fluid that escapes into connective tissue

A

Lymph

66
Q

Lymph node structure
Inner area called the medulla which contains

A

plasma cells

67
Q

Lymph node structure
Outer area called the cortex which contains

A

follicles with B lymphocytes

68
Q

Lymph node structure

T lymphocytes and macrophages

A

Paracortex

69
Q

3 main functions of lymph nodes

A

Site of lymphocyte proliferation

involved in the initiation of the specific immune response to foreign antigens

filter particulate matter, debris, and bacteria entering the lymph node via the lymph

70
Q

contains the largest collection of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in the body

A

spleen

71
Q

Spleen functions in

A

Culling
Pitting
Enforcing close contact of blood borne antigens with lymphocytes and phagocytic cells

72
Q

Phagocytized all

A

Culling

73
Q

Only a part is phagocytized,

A

Pitting

74
Q

sequestering 1/3 of platelet mass

A

spleen

75
Q

May cause anemia (decreased RBCs), leukopenia (decreased WBCs), or thrombocytopenia or combinations of these cytopenias

A

Hypersplenism (splenomegaly)

76
Q

When all three cell types are decreased it is called

A

pancytopenia

77
Q

After a splenectomy what is seen

A

RBC inclusions and abnormal RBC shapes are seen

Culling is then taken over by the liver in which is less effective in performing all of the splenic functions

78
Q

first organ fully developed but becomes smaller as we mature

A

thymus

79
Q

important for the development of cells

A

thymus

80
Q

Serves as a compartment for the maturation of T lymphocytes into immunocmpetent T Cells

A

Thymus

81
Q

Outer area of thymus that is densely packed with small lymphocytes and macrophages

A

Cortex

82
Q

Inner area which is less cellular with a few lymphocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells

A

Medulla

83
Q

2 primary organs for lymphopoiesis

A

Bone Marrow
Thymus

84
Q

Medullary organ

A

Bone marrow

85
Q

non medullary organ

A

Liver
spleen
lymph nodes
thmus

86
Q

Hematopoiesis unique interactions of

A

PLuripotential SC / HSC
Microenvironment
Cytokines / Growth factors (Colony-stimulating factors,Kit ligand/Stem cell factor, interleukins)
EPO
TPO (thrombopoietin)

87
Q

For the development and production of RBC

A

EPO

88
Q

For platelet production

A

TPO (Thrombopoietin)

89
Q

Stem cell theory

All blood cells are derived from a single progenitor stem cell

A

Monophyletic theory

90
Q

Stem cell theory

Each of the blood cell lineages is derived from its ow unique stem cell

A

Polyphyletic theory

91
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells are capable of

A

Self renewal
Pluripotent
Give rise to differentiated progeny

92
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells Fates:

A

Self renewal
Differentiation
Aoptosis

93
Q

Multipotent
can give rise to several types
Do not self-renew or have only an extremely limited capacity

A

Progenitor cells

94
Q

Respond best to multiple cytokines, growth factors, hormones

A

Progenitor cells

95
Q

blast cells committed to unilinear differntiation (much more mature than progenitor cells)

A

Precursor cells

96
Q

Do not self-renew
Respond best to 1 or 2 cytokines
Still replicate until near terminal differentiation
Progeny increasingly acquire specific differentiation markers and functions

A

Precursor cells (Committed precursor cells)

97
Q

NRBC Abnormal in adults

A

Nucleated RBC

98
Q

Cluster of differentiatix
Differ from time that is mature identification
Detected from cell identi methodC

A

CD Markers

HEMATOLOGY LEC (2 decks)

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