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HEMATOLOGY LEC > UNIT 1 An overview of Clinical laboratory hematology > Flashcards

UNIT 1 An overview of Clinical laboratory hematology Flashcards

PPT and Discussion based

1
Q

How many ml of blood do a normal human body has

A

5-6 liters of blood / 5000-6000ml of blood

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2
Q

What are the three families of blood cells

A

RBC
WBC
Platelets

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3
Q

History

Worms in the blood

A

Athanasius Kircher (1657)

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4
Q

History

RBCs

A

Anton van Leeuwenhook (1674)

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5
Q

History

Platelets (petites plaques)

A

Giulio Bizzozero (1800)

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6
Q

History

Wrights stain

A

James Horner Wright (1902)

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7
Q

Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
RBC Count
RBC Indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW)

A

RBC Parameters

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8
Q

Hb, Hgb

A

Hemoglobin

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9
Q

HCT/ PCV (pack cell volume)

A

Hematocrit

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10
Q

Should be around 45%

A

Hematocrit

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11
Q

Percentage of red cells in whole blood

A

Hematocrit

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12
Q

Absolute count: No. of RBC per cubit millimeter of blood

A

RBC Count

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13
Q

Via computation
Would give morphology (size and hemoglobin content) of RBC

A

RBC Indices

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14
Q

MCV

A

Mean cell volume

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15
Q

Low MCV, Cells are small

A

Microcytosis

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16
Q

High MCV, Cells are big

A

Macrocytosis

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17
Q

Normal MCV, Normal cells

A

Noromocytic

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18
Q

MCH

A

Mean cell hemoglobin

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19
Q

MCHC

A

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration

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20
Q

Low MCHC, Pale/maputla

A

Hypochromia

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21
Q

Normal MCHC

A

Normochromic

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22
Q

High MCHC

A

Hyperchromic

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23
Q

RDW

A

Red cell distribution and width

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24
Q

EVF

A

Erythrocyte Volume fraction

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25
Q

Variation in shape

A

Poikib

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26
Q

Variation in size

A

Aniosolytosis

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27
Q

Use or function of RBC Parameters

A

To detect and diagnose the disease
To assess and monitor the disease
To differentiate anemia, polycythemia, and systemic conditions that affects red blood cells

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28
Q

Low in RBC

A

Anemia

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29
Q

High in RBC

A

Polycythemia

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30
Q

Polychromatophilic erythrocytes

A

Reticulocytes

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31
Q

Indicative of bone marrow regeneration during blood loss and certain anemias

A

Reticulocytes

32
Q

Supravital staining (BCB, NMB)

A

To see Reticulocytes

33
Q

Habang tumatanda ang cell :

A. lumiliit
B. lumalaki

A

A . Lumiliit

34
Q

How many days does reticulocyte stay in bone marrow

A

1 day

35
Q

How many days in reticulocyte in peripheral blood

A

2 days

36
Q

How many total days does a reticulocyte stay as reticulocyte

A

3 days

37
Q

Reticulocyte count

A

Bone marrow index

38
Q

Mix equal volume of fresh drawn blood and stain

A

supravital staining

39
Q

Function mainly to protect us from infection/injury

A

White blood cells

40
Q

Count 5,000-10,00/cumm

A

Hemocytometry

41
Q

Low count of WBC

A

Leokopenia

42
Q

High count of WBC

A

Leukocytosis

43
Q

Differential count in WBC ; staining

A

Wright’s staining

44
Q

Opposites of

Granular
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

A

Agranular
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

45
Q

Orange, pinkish orange
Acid dye greater affinity
BASIC

A

Eosinophils

46
Q

Blue black
Greater affinity to basic
least numerous
ACIDIC

A

Basophils

47
Q

Largest

A

Monocytes

48
Q

Smallest
2nd in occurence

A

Lymphocytes

49
Q

Maintains vascular integrity
Controls hemostasis

A

Platelets/Thrombocytes

50
Q

Forms plugs
Involves in arrest of bleeding

A

Platelets/Thrombocytes

51
Q

2-4mu, round (inactive), anucleated, slightly granular
ability to aggregate and adhere (attachment to platelets to other structures)

A

Characteristics of platelet

52
Q

Characteristic of Platelet when active

A

Stellate shape.

53
Q

Platelet to platelet

A

Platelet aggregation

54
Q

Whole blood is needed
Proper labelling (Full name, age, gender, date of collection, signature of phlebotomist)

A

Complete blood count

55
Q

Types of specimen for complete blood count

A

Capillary blood
Venous blood

56
Q

True or False

When the volume of blood exceeds the volume of the evacuated tube it will clot

A

True

57
Q

Smear preparation/Characteristics
Staining procedures
Examine the morphology of the red blood cells

A

Blood film examination

58
Q

Blood film examination

WBC

A

Percent distribution is obtained (differential count)

59
Q

maintenance of normal blood flow

A

endothelial cells

60
Q

storage site of some cytokines involved in hemostasis

A

endothelial cells

61
Q

In the lining of blood vessels

A

endothelial cells

62
Q

Endothelial cells

Moments when there is damage to the blood vessels, they will release ___ which are involved in homeostasis

A

cytokines

63
Q

Endothelial cells

Releases ___ when there is damage

A

Collagen

64
Q

Instrumental to the creation of platelet plug
Binds to platelet
Forms a von willebrand factor so that bleeding stops

A

Collagen

65
Q

Coagulation

Factors involve

A

Platelets
coagulation factors

66
Q

Coagulation

Hemostasis

A

Primary (platelet plug formation, there would be vasoconstriction)
Secondary

67
Q

Coagulation

Laboratory test

A

PT
APTT
Fibrinogen Assay
D-dimer

68
Q

Bone marrow aspirate/bone marrow biopsy

A

Bone marrow examination

69
Q

Normal bone marrow is 50% ___ and 50% ___ at posterior iliac crest

A

Nucleated;adipose

70
Q

More adipose in bone marrow

A

Hypocellular

71
Q

More nucleated in bone marrow

A

Hypercellular

72
Q

Special stains (Cytochemical)

A

Myeloperoxidase
Sudann BlackB
Non specific and specific esterase
Periodic Acid- Schiff
Tartrate resistant acid phosphate
Alkaline phosphatase

73
Q

Identifies and quantifies populations of cells in a heterogeneous sample - usually blood, bone marrow or lymph

A

Flow Cytometry

74
Q

Types of antigens present on the cell’s surface, nucleus or cytoplasm that helps identify the lineage of cells using antibodies

A

Immunophenotyping

75
Q

deals with chromosomes also known as karyotyping used for diagnosis of oncologic and hematologic disorders

A

Cytogenetics

76
Q

primarily defines a large set off the techniques that operate either with the entire genome or with specific targeted DNA Sequences

A

Molecular cytogenetics

77
Q

Specimen integrity
Responsibility for accuracy
Proper judgement
Timeliness
Internal controls

A

Quality control

HEMATOLOGY LEC (2 decks)

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