UNIT 1 An overview of Clinical laboratory hematology Flashcards
PPT and Discussion based
1
Q
How many ml of blood do a normal human body has
A
5-6 liters of blood / 5000-6000ml of blood
2
Q
What are the three families of blood cells
A
RBC
WBC
Platelets
3
Q
History
Worms in the blood
A
Athanasius Kircher (1657)
4
Q
History
RBCs
A
Anton van Leeuwenhook (1674)
5
Q
History
Platelets (petites plaques)
A
Giulio Bizzozero (1800)
6
Q
History
Wrights stain
A
James Horner Wright (1902)
7
Q
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
RBC Count
RBC Indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW)
A
RBC Parameters
8
Q
Hb, Hgb
A
Hemoglobin
9
Q
HCT/ PCV (pack cell volume)
A
Hematocrit
10
Q
Should be around 45%
A
Hematocrit
11
Q
Percentage of red cells in whole blood
A
Hematocrit
12
Q
Absolute count: No. of RBC per cubit millimeter of blood
A
RBC Count
13
Q
Via computation
Would give morphology (size and hemoglobin content) of RBC
A
RBC Indices
14
Q
MCV
A
Mean cell volume
15
Q
Low MCV, Cells are small
A
Microcytosis
16
Q
High MCV, Cells are big
A
Macrocytosis
17
Q
Normal MCV, Normal cells
A
Noromocytic
18
Q
MCH
A
Mean cell hemoglobin
19
Q
MCHC
A
Mean cell hemoglobin concentration
20
Q
Low MCHC, Pale/maputla
A
Hypochromia
21
Q
Normal MCHC
A
Normochromic
22
Q
High MCHC
A
Hyperchromic
23
Q
RDW
A
Red cell distribution and width
24
Q
EVF
A
Erythrocyte Volume fraction
25
Variation in shape
Poikib
26
Variation in size
Aniosolytosis
27
Use or function of RBC Parameters
To detect and diagnose the disease
To assess and monitor the disease
To differentiate anemia, polycythemia, and systemic conditions that affects red blood cells
28
Low in RBC
Anemia
29
High in RBC
Polycythemia
30
Polychromatophilic erythrocytes
Reticulocytes
31
Indicative of bone marrow regeneration during blood loss and certain anemias
Reticulocytes
32
Supravital staining (BCB, NMB)
To see Reticulocytes
33
Habang tumatanda ang cell :
A. lumiliit
B. lumalaki
A . Lumiliit
34
How many days does reticulocyte stay in bone marrow
1 day
35
How many days in reticulocyte in peripheral blood
2 days
36
How many total days does a reticulocyte stay as reticulocyte
3 days
37
Reticulocyte count
Bone marrow index
38
Mix equal volume of fresh drawn blood and stain
supravital staining
39
Function mainly to protect us from infection/injury
White blood cells
40
Count 5,000-10,00/cumm
Hemocytometry
41
Low count of WBC
Leokopenia
42
High count of WBC
Leukocytosis
43
Differential count in WBC ; staining
Wright's staining
44
Opposites of
Granular
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Agranular
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
45
Orange, pinkish orange
Acid dye greater affinity
BASIC
Eosinophils
46
Blue black
Greater affinity to basic
least numerous
ACIDIC
Basophils
47
Largest
Monocytes
48
Smallest
2nd in occurence
Lymphocytes
49
Maintains vascular integrity
Controls hemostasis
Platelets/Thrombocytes
50
Forms plugs
Involves in arrest of bleeding
Platelets/Thrombocytes
51
2-4mu, round (inactive), anucleated, slightly granular
ability to aggregate and adhere (attachment to platelets to other structures)
Characteristics of platelet
52
Characteristic of Platelet when active
Stellate shape.
53
Platelet to platelet
Platelet aggregation
54
Whole blood is needed
Proper labelling (Full name, age, gender, date of collection, signature of phlebotomist)
Complete blood count
55
Types of specimen for complete blood count
Capillary blood
Venous blood
56
True or False
When the volume of blood exceeds the volume of the evacuated tube it will clot
True
57
Smear preparation/Characteristics
Staining procedures
Examine the morphology of the red blood cells
Blood film examination
58
Blood film examination
WBC
Percent distribution is obtained (differential count)
59
maintenance of normal blood flow
endothelial cells
60
storage site of some cytokines involved in hemostasis
endothelial cells
61
In the lining of blood vessels
endothelial cells
62
Endothelial cells
Moments when there is damage to the blood vessels, they will release ___ which are involved in homeostasis
cytokines
63
Endothelial cells
Releases ___ when there is damage
Collagen
64
Instrumental to the creation of platelet plug
Binds to platelet
Forms a von willebrand factor so that bleeding stops
Collagen
65
Coagulation
Factors involve
Platelets
coagulation factors
66
Coagulation
Hemostasis
Primary (platelet plug formation, there would be vasoconstriction)
Secondary
67
Coagulation
Laboratory test
PT
APTT
Fibrinogen Assay
D-dimer
68
Bone marrow aspirate/bone marrow biopsy
Bone marrow examination
69
Normal bone marrow is 50% ___ and 50% ___ at posterior iliac crest
Nucleated;adipose
70
More adipose in bone marrow
Hypocellular
71
More nucleated in bone marrow
Hypercellular
72
Special stains (Cytochemical)
Myeloperoxidase
Sudann BlackB
Non specific and specific esterase
Periodic Acid- Schiff
Tartrate resistant acid phosphate
Alkaline phosphatase
73
Identifies and quantifies populations of cells in a heterogeneous sample - usually blood, bone marrow or lymph
Flow Cytometry
74
Types of antigens present on the cell's surface, nucleus or cytoplasm that helps identify the lineage of cells using antibodies
Immunophenotyping
75
deals with chromosomes also known as karyotyping used for diagnosis of oncologic and hematologic disorders
Cytogenetics
76
primarily defines a large set off the techniques that operate either with the entire genome or with specific targeted DNA Sequences
Molecular cytogenetics
77
Specimen integrity
Responsibility for accuracy
Proper judgement
Timeliness
Internal controls
Quality control
