Unit 2 half test Flashcards
absolute monarchs
a king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society
divine right
the idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God
intendant
a French Government official appointed by the monarch to collect taxes and administer justice
boyars
landowning nobles of Russia
westernization
an adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of western- especially European or American- countries
habeas Corpus
a document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal
constitutional monarchy
a system of governing in which the ruler’s power is limited by law
cabinet
a group of advisers or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions
geometric theory
in the middle ages the earth centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe
heliocentric theory
the idea that the earth and the other planets revolved around the sun
scientific method
a logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world in which experiments and observations and the questioning of accepted beliefs
social contract
the agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights thus creating ab organized society or government
Philosophes
One of a group of social thinkers in France during the enlightenment
Salon
A social gathering of intellectuals and artists like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris an other European cities during the enlightenment
Baroque
Relating to a grand ornate style that characterized European paintings music and architecture in the 1600s and early 1700s
neoclassical
relating to a simple, elegant, style (based on ideas and themes from ancient Greece and Rome) that characterized the arts in Europe during the arts in Europe during the late 1700’s
enlightenment despot
one of the 18th century European monarchs who was inspired by enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects
checks and balances
measures designed to prevent ant one branch of government from dominating the others
separation of powers
an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies
federal system
a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states
Philip II
inherited Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and American colonies
El Greco
his art puzzled people of his time, expressed emotion and showed deep catholic faith
Diego Velázquez
reflected pride of the Spanish monarchy; court painter of Philip IV of Spain; best known for portraits of royal families
Louis XIII
king who appointed a strong minister to make up for his weakness
