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Modern World History > Unit 2 half test > Flashcards

Unit 2 half test Flashcards

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1
Q

absolute monarchs

A

a king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society

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2
Q

divine right

A

the idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God

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3
Q

intendant

A

a French Government official appointed by the monarch to collect taxes and administer justice

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4
Q

boyars

A

landowning nobles of Russia

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5
Q

westernization

A

an adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of western- especially European or American- countries

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6
Q

habeas Corpus

A

a document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal

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7
Q

constitutional monarchy

A

a system of governing in which the ruler’s power is limited by law

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8
Q

cabinet

A

a group of advisers or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions

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9
Q

geometric theory

A

in the middle ages the earth centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe

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10
Q

heliocentric theory

A

the idea that the earth and the other planets revolved around the sun

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11
Q

scientific method

A

a logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world in which experiments and observations and the questioning of accepted beliefs

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12
Q

social contract

A

the agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights thus creating ab organized society or government

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13
Q

Philosophes

A

One of a group of social thinkers in France during the enlightenment

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14
Q

Salon

A

A social gathering of intellectuals and artists like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris an other European cities during the enlightenment

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15
Q

Baroque

A

Relating to a grand ornate style that characterized European paintings music and architecture in the 1600s and early 1700s

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16
Q

neoclassical

A

relating to a simple, elegant, style (based on ideas and themes from ancient Greece and Rome) that characterized the arts in Europe during the arts in Europe during the late 1700’s

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17
Q

enlightenment despot

A

one of the 18th century European monarchs who was inspired by enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects

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18
Q

checks and balances

A

measures designed to prevent ant one branch of government from dominating the others

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19
Q

separation of powers

A

an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies

20
Q

federal system

A

a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states

21
Q

Philip II

A

inherited Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and American colonies

22
Q

El Greco

A

his art puzzled people of his time, expressed emotion and showed deep catholic faith

23
Q

Diego Velázquez

A

reflected pride of the Spanish monarchy; court painter of Philip IV of Spain; best known for portraits of royal families

24
Q

Louis XIII

A

king who appointed a strong minister to make up for his weakness

25
Q

Cardinal Richelieu

A

Louis XIII strong minister; became ruler of France, leader of Catholic Church in France

26
Q

Louis XVI

A

only 4 years old when he started his reign. Strongest king of his time

27
Q

Cardinal Mazarin

A

greatest triumph came at the end of thirty year war.

28
Q

John Baptiste Colbert

A

Louis minister of finance; believed in theory of mercantilism; tried to make France self sufficient

29
Q

Maria Theresa

A
  • empress; decided French kings were no longer Austria’s chief enemies
30
Q

Fredrick the Great

A

followed his father’s military policies but softened some laws; encouraged religious tolerance and legal reform

31
Q

Ivan the Terrible

A

three years old; struggled with power; seized power and had himself crowned Czar

32
Q

Peter the Great

A

one of Russia’s greatest reformers; had a goal of westernization; established St. Petersburg

33
Q

James I/VII

A

offended puritan members of parliament; refused to make puritan reforms

34
Q

Charles I

A

James I son; always needed money

35
Q

James II/VIII

A

offended his subjects by displaying his catholicism

36
Q

William and Mary of Orange

A

vowed to recognize parliament as their partners in governing

37
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

General for the Puritans

38
Q

Galileo Galilee

A

built on the new theories about astronomy ; built his own telescope; publishes Starry Messenger

39
Q

Isaac Newton

A

theory of motion; studied math and physics

40
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

expressed his views in Leviathan

41
Q

John Locke

A

`natural rights; life, liberty, prosperity

42
Q

Voltaire

A

satirist; nobility/monarchy

43
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

separation of powers; checks and balances; in the spirit of laws

44
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

the social contract between citizens to form society

45
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

educational equality

46
Q

Catherine the Great

A

expanded empire westward into poland

47
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

writer of the declaration of independence

Modern World History (6 decks)

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