unit 2: genetics Flashcards
Which of the following is correct regarding how DNA replication occurs?
DNA replication is semiconservative, since each daughter strand
receives one new and one parental strand
In DNA replication, the double-stranded helix needs to unwind. To
complete this task, an enzyme is needed! Without the help of this enzyme,
the DNA strand will remain “zipped” and the replication process won’t
even begin. Of the options below, which best fits the enzyme description
above?
Helicase
Both mitosis and meiosis create daughter cells at the end of their cycles.
However, the number of daughter cells differs between those cycles.
Which of the statements below is true?
Sex cells end with four haploid cells.
Which of the following is not a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mutations in can only occur in mitosis.
Which of the following describes the stages of the cell cycle in order?
Interphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase,
Telophase
You are tutoring a student at the MSLC in preparation for their BIOS 110
Unit 2 Quiz. You are reviewing point mutations by having them use the
codon chart you printed out to produce an amino acid sequence. They
soon realize that although there was a change in the base that caused
the mRNA to be different, the amino acid specific by the codon does not
change. Which mutation has occurred?
Silent
What is the overall central dogma of DNA-protein synthesis?
DNA -> (transcription) -> RNA -> (translation) -> Protein
Under what condition is protein synthesis, or gene expression most likely to
occur?
When the DNA is in a heterochromatin state because it is tighter. + When the DNA is in a euchromatin state because it is looser.
Hypothetically, black hair is dominant to brown hair. If the mother has a
genotype of Bb while the father has brown hair, what are the possible
genotypes and phenotypes of the child?
50% Bb, 50% bb- 50% black hair, 50% brown hair
You are a vet and notice many cases in which dog owners come in,
reporting that their dogs struggle to breathe, have back issues, and
cannot give birth naturally. You remember learning about natural and
artificial selection in your BIOS 110 class during your undergrad years. Is this
a result of natural selection or artificial selection?
Artificial selection because the dogs have purposefully bred to look
cute.
In a certain environment, rats that have fur that is neither dark nor light are
more easily spotted by their predators. This leads to natural selection for
rats that are completely dark or completely light. What type of response
to natural selection is this?
Disruptive selection
Select the correct mRNA strand that would be synthesized from the
following coding strand : 5’ - ACTTAGCTTCGAT - 3’
ACUUAGCUUCGAU
You are a peer leader at the UIC MSLC. A fellow student is having
difficulties understanding genetic variability. Which of the statements
below would be a correct statement to assist your fellow student?
Homologous chromosomes exchange genes through the process of
crossing over during prophase I.
.During protein synthesis, the terminator sequence is where the RNA
polymerase disengages and the completed ____ sequence is released.
From the options below, fill in the best option for the blank.
mRNA
During alternate splicing what happens with the exons and introns?
The introns are cut out and the exons are expressed
Being tall is represented as (TT) or (Tt) over being short (tt). What are the
chances of an offspring being homozygous recessive if the parents are a
homozygous dominant and heterozygous genotype?
0%
On your annual tour of America’s greatest farmlands, you spot a cow, a
bull, and a calf. The cow has white fur, the bull has brown fur, and the calf
has mottled fur—white in some places, brown in others. This is an example
of
Codominance
.Individual organisms having two identical alleles such as TT or tt are pairs…
Homozygous
The difference between homologous and analogous structures is that
homologous structures have similar embryonic origin while analogous
structures have the same function but do not share a common embryonic
origin.
True
Transcription is:
Promoted by acetylation and inhibited by methylation
In cats, black fur (B) is dominant to white fur (b), and green eyes (G) are
dominant to blue eyes (g). A black cat with blue eyes (Bbgg) is crossed
with a white cat with green eyes (bbGg). The B and G traits assort
independently from each other. What is the percent probability that the
offspring will be a white cat with blue eyes?
25%
The domestication of animals by the human species is an example of:
Artificial selection
Why is ligase needed for DNA replication and which strand is it most
active on?
Ligase is needed to join the Okazaki fragments formed on the lagging
strand because this strand replicates DNA away from the replication
fork
What phase of the cell is responsible for DNA replication, allowing for
enough DNA to be split into two daughter cells during mitosis?
S Phase
In meiosis, how many rounds of the cell division are needed to get the
right amount of chromosomes?
Two
