Unit 2 - Genes and Health Flashcards
Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms
Salty Skin, Coughing, Lung infections, wheezing/shortness of breath, poor growth, difficult bowel movements, infertility
Lung vessel order
trachea->bronchi->bronchioles->alveoli
Alveoli Adaptations
Thin walls for short diffusion
Rich blood supply for conc diff
Large SA
What are proteins made of
amino acids
Types of protein with example
Structural- collagen
Catalytic - enzymes
Signalling - Hormones
Immunological - antigens
Polypeptide
linear polymer consisting of a large number of amino acids
Amino Acids
molecules that combine to form proteins
Peptide bond
bond between two amino acids
Condensation reaction
reaction that creates water as a biproduct
Hydrolysis
reaction that takes in water
Globular proteins
Spherical shape, functional, soluble, eg enzymes
Fibrous Proteins
Parallel chains, cross links, rope-like, insoluble, structural, eg collagen
Cell membrane structure
Phospholipid, Cholesterol, Glycolipids, Channel proteins, Carrier proteins, Glycoproteins
Phospholipids
allow passage of lipid soluble substances/prevents passage of water soluble substances
Cholesterol
regulates fluidity and stability
Glycolipids
antigens for cell recognition
Channel proteins
allows small, charged molecules across the membrane / facilitated diffusion
Carrier proteins
transport large molecules across the membrane / exocytosis and endocytosis
Diffusion definition
net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Facilitated diffusion
small ions passively passing through aqueous protein channels
Osmosis
movement of water from an area of high to low concentration across a semi permeable membrane
Endocytosis
travelling into the cell
Exocytosis
travelling out of a cell
Mutation
random change or failure in someone’s genetic code
3 parts of a nucleotide
phosphate, base and sugar
5 bases
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil
Differences between DNA and RNA
-ribose sugar and deoxyribose sugar
-uracil instead of thymine
-single stranded vs double stranded
Differences between DNA and RNA
-ribose sugar and deoxyribose sugar
-uracil instead of thymine
-single stranded vs double stranded
3 types of mutation
insertion, substitution and deletion
Gene
sequence of bases that code for a polypeptide
Chromosome
thread-like structures located in the nucleus of animal and plant cells
Allele
alternative form of a gene at the same locus on the chromosome
