Unit 1 - Lifestyle, Health and Risk Flashcards
Why can polar substances dissolve in water
Hydrogen bonds and the dipole of the molecule
Features of open system
-blood pumped into cavity’s
-direct contact with cells
-eg molluscs
Features of closed system
-Blood moves through tubes
-Higher pressure therefore more efficient
-no cell contact
-eg humans and that
Items carried by the blood (name 5)
Glucose, Oxygen, CO2, Proteins, Amino Acids, Salts, Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Urea
Artery structure
Thick elastic layers to withstand and maintain pressure
Muscle layer to constrict and dilate
Smooth endothelium to reduce friction
Narrow lumen for high BP
Vein Structure
Thin muscle layer
Thin elastic layer
Valves
Capillary Structure
one cell thick
narrow lumen
Atherosclerosis order
Endothelium damaged -> Inflammatory response-> cholesterol/atheroma-> plaque build up -> narrow arteries raising BP and causing blood clot
Atherosclerosis treatments
Warfarin, statins
stents
Clotting Cascade
Calcium released by platelets->Thromboplastin released by tissue-> Calcium and Thromboplastin catalyse Prothrombin into thrombin-> that then catalyses fibrinogen to fibrin
Angina
Chest Pain
Ischaemic
not enough blood flow to the area
Mycordial infarction
heart attack ❤️
Arrhythmia
irregular heart beat
Stroke
lack of blood flow to the brain
Aneurysm
Swelling of artery
Normal blood pressure
130/85
Hypertension
180/110
Hypotension
90/60
Calorie
amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1cm3 of water by 1 degree
Cellulose description
Plants, BetaG, 1-4 bonds, no branches, alternating glucose, in micro fibrils with hydrogen bonds for strength
Amylose Description
Plants, AlphaG, 1-4 bonds, no branches, long chain very compact
Amylopectin Description
Same as amylose but branched on 1-6 bonds (increasing rate of hydrolysis of energy)
Glycogen Description
Animal, AlphaG, 1-4 and 1-6 bonds with branches, insoluble
