Unit 2: Foundations of Resident Care Flashcards
the process of exchanging
information with others
by sending and receiving
messages.
communication
communication involving
the use of spoken or
written words or sounds.
verbal communication
communication without
using words.
nonverbal communication
information based on
what a person sees,
hears, touches, or smells;
also called signs.
objective information
information that a person
cannot or did not observe, but
is based on something
reported to the person that
may or may not be true; also
called symptoms.
subjective information
the inability to control
the bladder or bowels.
incontinence
phrases that are used
over and over again and
do not really mean
anything.
clichés
unconscious behaviors
used to release tension or
cope with stress.
defense mechanisms
a system of learned beliefs and
behaviors that is practiced by a
group of people and is often
passed on from one generation to
the next.
culture
A loss of function or
ability.
impairment
the normal functioning of
emotional and
intellectual abilities.
mental health
A disorder that affects a person’s
ability to function and often
causes inappropriate behavior:
confusion, disorientation,
agitation, and anxiety are
common symptoms.
mental health disorder
Violent or hostile
behavior.
combative
The way the parts of the
body work together when
a person moves.
body mechanics
The way a person holds
and positions his body.
Posture
a broken bone.
fracture
confusion about person,
place, or time.
disorientation
burns caused by hot
liquids.
scalds
an injury that rubs off the
surface of the skin.
abrasion
the state of being
mentally alert and having
awareness of
surroundings, sensations,
and thoughts.
conscious
Emergency care given immediately
to an injured person by the first
people to respond to an
emergency.
first aid
Medical procedures used
when a person’s heart or
lungs have stopped
working.
cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR)
a condition in which
something is blocking the
tube through which air
enters the lungs.
obstructed airway
A method of attempting
to remove an object from
the airway of someone
who is choking.
abdominal thrusts
blue or gray, in reference
to skin color.
cyanotic
a condition that occurs
when organs and tissues
in the body do not
receive an adequate
blood supply.
shock
a condition that occurs when
the heart muscle does not
receive enough oxygen
because blood flow to the
heart is blocked; also called
heart attack.
myocardial infarction
Difficulty breathing.
dyspnea
A complication of diabetes
that can result from either
too much insulin or too little
food; also known as
hypoglycemia.
insulin reaction
A complication of
diabetes that is caused by
having too little insulin in
the body.
diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA)
A condition that occurs when
blood supply to a part of the
brain is blocked or a blood
vessel leaks or ruptures within
the brain; also called stroke.
cerebrovascular accident
(CVA)
A warning sign of a CVA
resulting from a
temporary lack of oxygen
in the brain; symptoms
may last up to 24 hours.
transient Ischemic attack
(TIA)
the act of vomiting, or
ejecting stomach
contents through the
mouth and/or nose.
emesis
The set of methods
practiced in healthcare
facilities to prevent and
control the spread of
disease.
infection prevention
a living thing or organism
that is so small that it can
be seen only through a
microscope.
microorganism/microbe
The state resulting from
pathogens invading the
body and multiplying.
infection
microorganisms that are
capable of causing
infection and disease.
pathogens
an infection that is
limited to a specific
location in the body and
has local symptoms.
localized infection
An infection that is in the
bloodstream and is
spread throughout the
body, causing general
symptoms.
systemic infection
an infection acquired
within a healthcare
setting during the
delivery of medical care.
healthcare-associated
infection (HAI)
way of describing how
disease is transmitted
from one human being to
another.
chain of infection
A pathogenic
microorganism that
causes disease.
causative agent
a place where a pathogen
lives and multiplies.
reservoir
any body opening on an
infected person that
allows pathogens to
Leave.
portal of exit
the method of describing
how a pathogen travels,
mode of transmission
A way of transmitting
pathogens through
touching the infected
person or his or her
secretions.
direct contact
A way of transmitting
pathogens by touching
something contaminated
by the infected person.
indirect contact
The membranes that line
body cavities that open to the
outside of the body, such as
the linings of the mouth,
nose, eyes, rectum, or
genitals.
mucous membranes
any body opening on an
uninfected person that
allows pathogens to
enter.
portal of entry
an uninfected person
who could get sick.
susceptible host
passage or transfer.
transmission
contagious.
infectious
Measures used to reduce
and prevent the spread of
pathogens.
medical asepsis
the state of being free of
all microorganisms; also
called sterile technique.
surgical asepsis
single-celled organisms that only can be viewed with the aid of a microscope.
can be divided into five basic
categories-bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. Most are
harmless-some are even beneficial. Others are capable of causing infection or disease. are often classified as either
pathogenic or nonpathogenic
Microorganisms
a type of microorganism
that is incapable of
causing or unable to
cause infection or
disease.
Nonpathogenic
microorganism
a type of microorganism
that is capable of causing
infection or disease; it is
also called a pathogen.
Pathogenic
microorganism
single-celled microorganisms that lack
nuclei and organized cell structures.
can exist independently (on
their own) or as parasites, dependent
upon a host for life. can be
found in three basic shapes-round,
rod, or spiral.
Bacteria
small packages of DNA or RNA
encased in protein shells that invade a
cell (host cell) and incorporate
themselves into the host cell’s DNA.
When the infected host cell begins to
produce (replicate) new viral particles,
the infected cell dies.
Virus
múlti-celled or single-celled organisms. They can be pathogenic, causing infections in healthy persons, or opportunistic, causing infections in
people with weakened immune systems.
can be nonpathogenic as well, and some types are even beneficial, such as those used to make antibiotics. A few types are
considered delicacies, such as truffles and
edible mushrooms.
Fungi
an organism that lives on
or in an organism of a
different species.
Parasite
occurs when microorganisms enter and multiply within the tissue of a host, causing damage to that tissue. Symptoms may be apparent, or the host may display no symptoms.
Infection
occurs when tissue that has been
damaged due to the entry and
multiplication of microorganisms
results in clinical signs and
symptoms of a recognizable
process.
Disease
an organism or cell on or
in which a micrporganism
lives or feeds.
Host
A federal government
agency that issues
guidelines to protect the
health of individuals and
communities.
Centers For Disease
Control And Prevention
(CDC)
A method of infection
prevention in which all blood,
body fluids, nonintact skin, and
mucous membranes are
treated as if they were
infected.
Standard Precautions
mucus coughed up.
sputum
needles or other sharp
objects.
sharps
washing hands with
either plain or antiseptic
soap and water and using
alcohol-based hand rubs.
hand hygiene
an agent that destroys
resists, or prevents the
development of
pathogens
antimicrobial
Equipment that helps protect
employees from serious
workplace injuries or
illnesses resulting from
contact with workplace
hazards.
personal protective
equipment (PPE)
to put on
Don
To remove
doff
care of the genitals and
anal area.
perineal care
skin that is broken by
abrasions, cuts, rashes,
acne, pimples, lesions,
surgical incisions, or boils
non-intact skin
Process that kills pathogens, but
not all pathogens; it reduces
the pathogen count to a level
that is considered not
infectious.
disinfection
Only to be used once and
then discarded.
disposable
method of infection prevention
used when caring for persons
who are infected or suspected
of being infected with a
disease.
Transmission-Based
Precautions
microorganisms found in
human blood, body fluid,
draining wounds, and mucous
membranes that can cause
infection and disease in
humans.
bloodborne pathogens
inflammation of the liver
caused by certain viruses
and other factors, such as
alcohol abuse, some
medications, and trauma.
hepatitis
a highly contagious lung
disease caused by a
bacterium that is carried
on mucous droplets
suspended in the air.
tuberculosis (TB)
an infection caused by
specific bacteria that
have become resistant to
many antibiotics.
methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus Aureus
(MRSA)
bacteria (enterococci) that
have developed resistance to
antibiotics as a result of being
exposed to the antibiotic
vancomycin.
vancomycin-resistant
Enterococcus (VRE)
bacterial illness that can
cause diarrhea and colitis.
Clostridium difficile (C.
diff, C. difficile)
Medical term for Infection
Sepsis
