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Psyc 100 > Unit 2 Flashcards > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is personality thought to be in regards to its stability over time?

A

long term and stable

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2
Q

What are the five approaches to personality?

A

-psychoanalytic (Freud’s original work)/psychodynamic (those who came after Freud)
-humanistic (how can we help people be their best selves)
-trait (how do we define people)
-social-cognitive (all about interactions)
-self-based (how we think about ourselves)

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3
Q

What are the basic questions that underlie the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic personality approach?

A

-What are the real motives that underlie behavior? (everyone does something for a reason)
-Why do people do things that are irrational or puzzling? (getting to the bottom of explaining why people do strange things)
-How much of what people do is subconsciously motivated? (outside of our awareness or control)

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4
Q

What is something to take note of when evaluating the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic approach?

A

-most of the scientific community only appreciates the most basic, fundamental contributions of the psychodynamic theory

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5
Q

Who was Sigmund Freud?

A

-a medically trained neurologist who began receiving cases that lacked plausible clinical explanations

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6
Q

What was Sigmund Freud’s relation to glove anesthesia?

A

-glove anesthesia - patients cannot feel completely below the wrist even though you would lose feeling on either your radial or ulnar side
-began talking to his patients and realized their symptoms would disappear once they revealed a personally traumatic event
-as a result he formulated an entire theory on human nature that suggests that personality is entirely determined by forced outside of one’s awareness or control

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7
Q

What did Freud view dreams as?

A

gateway to the unconscious

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8
Q

What is manifest content?

A

content we’re able to directly experience

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9
Q

What is latent content?

A

the actual wishes and desires that are symbolically expressed through the manifest content (i.e. what you were really dreaming about)

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10
Q

What are Freudian slips?

A

errors in speech that unwittingly reveal our true motives

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11
Q

What is meant but the unconscious mind?

A

-the mind is mostly hidden

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12
Q

What are the three parts if the mind that are constantly at war with each other?

A

-ego (mostly conscious makes peace between the id and the superego)
-id (unconscious energy our basic sexual and aggressive urges)
-superego (internalized ideals) mind’s moral compass and represents society’s morals that we have internalized (part of preconscious ming which is outside awareness but accessible)

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13
Q

What are Freud’s psychosexual stages?

A
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14
Q

What are erogenous zones?

A

distinct pleasure-sensitive areas of the body; Id’s psychic energy focused on a different zone during each stage

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15
Q

What is fixation?

A

a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at a given psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved

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16
Q

What is the Oedipus Conflict and when does it occur?

A

-when a boy develops unconscious sexual desires for his mother and feelings of jealousy towards his father who is now his rival
-these feelings lead to castration anxiety
-they resolve these feelings by repressing them and identifying with the rival parent

-occurs during the phallic stage

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17
Q

Does the oedipus conflict only apply to boys?

A

Freud believed it did, but other theorists believed that girls experienced a parallel “Electra complex”

18
Q

What are the 7 Freudian Defense Mechanisms?

A

-Regression
-Reaction Formation
-Projection
-Rationalization
-Displacement
-Denial
-Sublimation

19
Q

What is the unconscious process behind regression?

A

-retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage where some psychic energy remains fixated

20
Q

What is the unconscious process behind reaction formation?

A

-switching unacceptable impulses to their opposites

21
Q

What is the unconscious process behind projection?

A

-disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

22
Q

What is the unconscious process behind rationalization?

A

-offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

23
Q

What is the unconscious process behind displacement?

A

-shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

24
Q

What is the unconscious process behind denial?

A

-refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

25
Q

What is the unconscious process behind sublimation?

A

-modifying unacceptable impulses or urges so that they can be expressed in more socially appropriate ways

26
Q

Which of Freud’s basic ideas do psychodynamic or (Neo-Freudian) theorists agree with?

A

-id, ego, superego
-importance of the unconscious
-childhood as a critical period of personality development (formative years)
-role of defense mechanisms in coping with anxiety

27
Q

Which of Freud’s basic ideas do psychodynamic or (Neo-Freudian) theorists disagree with?

A

-emphasized loftier motives as opposed to sex and aggression
-more emphasis on the conscious mind (the ego and superego) in interpreting experience (also placed emphasis on how conscious mind interprets experience)

28
Q

What tests are used to assess unconscious processes and what do they do?

A

-projective tests
-personality tests that purport to reveal a person’s inner unconscious desires based on their responses to ambiguous stimuli

29
Q

What is an example of a projective test and what does it do?

A

-Rorschach inkblot test
-they seek to identify people’s inner feelings based on their interpretations of inkblots

30
Q

What can you tell about a person’s personality based on projective tests?

A

-you cannot really tell a whole lot about someone based on these tests
-if a pattern of a consistent type of answer emerges around these tests then yes you could deduce something
-however if the responses are fairly random you cannot make too many conclusions about a person

31
Q

What are the 6 major critiques the developmental psychologists, cognitive psychologists, sex researchers, and sleep researchers critique of Freud’s ideas?

A

-development is lifelong, not fixed in childhood
-infants’ brains can’t sustain Freudian levels of trauma (or else it would be picked up on a neurological brain scan structurally speaking)
-gender identity formed earlier in life than 5-6 years old
-“Freudian slips” don’t really reflect suppressed sexual desires
-suppressed sexuality doesn’t cause psychological disorders
-BIGGEST PROBLEM: His theory offers post-hoc explanations for behavior rather than predictive hypotheses of what might cause it (offering after the fact explanations for behavior rather than predicting what might happen next)

32
Q

What did the humanistic approach form in response to?

A

To Freudian psychoanalytic/psychodynamic approach

33
Q

What are the three basic questions that underlie the humanistic approach?

A

-What am I feeling?
-How do I see myself?
-How can I achieve my full potential?

34
Q

What is Abraham Maslow most widely known for?

A

-developing the hierarchy of needs (stolen from indigenous peoples)

35
Q

What is self-actualization and where does it lie on the hierarchy of needs?

A

-the ultimate psychological need: entails realizing and maximizing one’s full potential as a human being
-at the top of the hierarchy of needs

36
Q

What is the ranking of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? (top to bottom)

A
  1. self-actualization
  2. aesthetic
  3. cognitive
  4. esteem
  5. belonging
  6. safety
  7. physiological
    (satisfy going from the bottom up)
37
Q

Who was Carl Rogers and what did he believe in regards to everyone achieving their highest potential?

A

-a humanistic approach
-given an environment that promotes personal growth, we can all achieve our highest potential

38
Q

What four things believed by Carl Rogers was needed for us to achieve our highest potential in a given environment?

A

-genuineness (being open and honest)
-empathy (putting yourself in someone else’s shoes)
-acceptance (regarded by Rogers as “unconditional positive regard”)

39
Q

What did Carl Rogers believe was the self-concept?

A

-all of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves (how can we be the best version of ourselves)

40
Q

What are the three multiple selves Carl Rogers believed we had and what are they?

A

-ideal (your vision of who you want to be)
-ought (who you believe you out to be through society’s cues)
-actual/real (who you are right now)

41
Q

When did Carl Rogers believe we are content when these two types of our multiple selves align?

A

-when our ideal and actual/real selves align with one another

42
Q

What did Carl Rogers believe Person-centered therapy was?

A

-emphasizes a non-evaluative accepting atmosphere (being accepted by your therapist)

Psyc 100 (2 decks)

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