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Bacteriology > Unit 2 Exotoxins And Endotoxins > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exotoxins And Endotoxins Flashcards

1
Q

Common to all gram-negative bacteria

A

Endotoxins

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2
Q

Composition: LPS of the cell envelope.

A

Endotoxins

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3
Q

Released when gram-negative cell is destroyed. (requires bacterial cell death for its release)

A

Endotoxins

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4
Q

Common to all gram-positive bacterla

A

Exotoxins

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5
Q

Released by the living bacteria (does not require bacterial cell death for its release)

A

Exotoxins

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6
Q

Can target specific host cells.
Can interrupt intracellular activities.
Can kill and help spread bacteria In tissues.

A

Exotoxins

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7
Q

Organism type
Gram-positive and Gram-negative

A

Exotoxins

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8
Q

Chemical nature
- Simple protein

A

Exotoxin

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9
Q

Chemical nature
Protein-lipid-
polysaccharide

A

Endotoxin

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10
Q

Stability to heating
- Stable

A

Endotoxin

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11
Q

Stability to heating
- labile

A

Exotoxin

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12
Q

Detoxification by
formaldehyde
- detoxified

A

Exotoxins

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13
Q

Detoxification by
formaldehyde
- not detoxified

A

Endotoxin

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14
Q

Neutralization by
homologous antibody
- Complete

A

Exotoxins

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15
Q

Neutralization by
homologous antibody
- Partial

A

Endotoxins

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16
Q

Biological activity
- individual to toxin

A

Exotoxins

17
Q

Biological activity
- Same for all toxins

A

Endotoxins

18
Q

Polypeptides with a molecular weight of 10,000-900,000

A

Exotoxins

19
Q

Highty antigenic: stimulate formation of high-titer antitoxin; antitoxin neutralizes toxin

A

Exotoxin

20
Q

Converted to antigenic, nontoxic toxoids by formalin, acid, heat.
and so on; toxoids are used to immunize

A

Exotoxins

21
Q

Usually bind to specific receptors on cells

A

Exotoxins

22
Q

Usually do not produce fever in the host

A

Exotoxins

23
Q

Frequently controlled by extrachromosomal genes
(eg, plasmids)

A

Exotoxins

24
Q

Lipopolysacchäride complexes; lipid A portion probably responsible for
toxicity

A

Endotoxins

25
Q

Relatively stable; withstand heating at temperatures above 60°C for hours
without loss of toxicity

A

Endotoxins

26
Q

Weakly immunogenic; antibodies are antitoxic and protective; relationship
between antibody titers and protection from disease is less clear than
with exotoxins

A

Endotoxins

27
Q

Not converted to toxoids

A

Endotoxins

28
Q

Moderately toxic fatal for animals in tens to hundreds

A

Endotoxins

29
Q

Specific receptors not found on cells

A

Endotoxins

30
Q

Usually produce fever in the host by release of interleukin-1 and other mediators

A

Endotoxins

31
Q

Synthesis directed by chromosomal genes

A

Endotoxins

Bacteriology (4 decks)

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