UNIT 2 EXAM REVISION

Question 1

Define Globalisation

Answer 1

The increased movement of people, ideas, technology, cultures, capital and information around the world. This is facilitated by the rapid changes in communication and technology

Question 2

Define Transnational Corporation

Answer 2

A TNC is a company or business, usually large, whose pe rations and investments extend beyond the boundaries of the state in which it is registered.

Question 3

Define Hegemony

Answer 3

The merging or unification of cultures or ideas. As a result of globalisation a process of cultural hegemony is taking place where a few cultures, languages or ways of thought are becoming dominant over others

Question 4

Define Non-Government Organisations

Answer 4

NGO’s are not for profit organisations that are reliant on donations or subscriptions to operate. Most are founded to dal with social, political, community or environmental issues.

Question 5

OUTLINE POSITIVE POLITICAL EFFECTS OF GLOABALISATION

Answer 5

• Nurtured international cooperation and diplomacy: UN, EU
• It’s easier for governments to easily and effectively negotiate and share information between one another: email, Internet, government agencies (CIA, MI6) working together

Question 6

OUTLINE NEGATIVE POLITICAL EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION

Answer 6

• More powerful nations are able to ‘bully’ smaller nations into creating favourable policies
• Many TNC’s (such as Samsung and Walmart) are larger then governments, and are thereby able to wield great amounts of power in terms of policy making
  - SAMSUNG in South Korea account for 20% of its GDP and AFE thereby able to sway the government

Question 7

OUTLINE POSITIVE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION

Answer 7

• Enables companies to find customers and markets across the globe
• The Internet and sites like eBay and Amazon allows a business to not be resurrected by geographical location
• Businesses are able to move production or manufacturing of a good to another country, such as China or Bangladesh, to increase profits and make the end product cheaper for the customer
  - Nike, Apple

Question 8

OUTLINE NEGATIVE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF GLOABALISATION

Answer 8

• the advancement in global trade and the world financial system has increased the interdependency of economies, making economic turmoil in one nation felt across the world
  - 2008 GFC
• Rapid economic growth in third world nations (India, China) is highly unsustainable , due to the massive dependence on fossil fuels as a cheap source of enegery

Question 9

OUTLINE POSITIVE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION

Answer 9

• Job creation in third world countries (as a result of TNC’s) has lifted over 600 Million out of poverty
• ideas, thoughts and information is able to be easily and instantly sound the world
  - Wikipedia, Twitter, Facebook
• people are able to organise international events more easily than ever
  - Arab Spring was spread and organised through Facebook etc.

Question 10

OUTLINE NEGATIVE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION

Answer 10

• Leads to the exploitation of poorer and more vulnerable people in developing countries
• Increased migration and movement of cultures around the globe leads to increased fascism and discrimination of a particular group
  - Islamophobia
• Increased connectedness of people leads to an increase in hegemony, where some cultures or ways of thought become dominant others
  - Americanisation

Question 11

Define Bpolarity

Answer 11

A situation or relationship containing two centres or ‘nodes’ of power

Question 12

Define Multipolar

Answer 12

A situation or relationship where there are several centres of power

Question 13

Define Unilateralism

Answer 13

A policy of acting alone, with little regard for the views or interests of other global actors, in pursuit of foreign policy objectives.

Question 14

Define Genocide

Answer 14

Th deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation

Question 15

Define Multilateralism

Answer 15

A situation in which several different countries or organisations work together to achieve something or deal with a problem.

Question 16

Define Terrorism

Answer 16

The unlawful use or threat of violence, often motivated by political, religious o ideological beliefs, to instil fear and coerce governments or societies in pursuit of goals that are usually politically motivated

Question 17

Define State Terrorism

Answer 17

Th aggressive actions of a government against their population

Question 18

Define International Community

Answer 18

A term used to refer to a broad group of governments or people of the world, but does not usually refer to all the nations of the world. Used to typically denote the existence of a common point of view.

Question 19

Define National Interest

Answer 19

Refers to what the government or people of a nation deem to be of importance.
EG: Australia has a national interest in the oil reserves in the East Timor Sea

Question 20

Define Security

Answer 20

Traditionally refers to the protection of a states borders for intruders and the maintainence of sovereignty, most community achieved though military power.
Has evolved to include softer forms, such as access to resources (economic security) or the protection of ecosystems (environmental security)