Unit 2 Exam Review Flashcards
What color is Oxygen-Rich Blood?
Red
What color is Oxygen-Poor Blood?
Blue
What is the purpose of Inhaled Corticosteroids?
Exert anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the response of many different kinds of cells.
What are the side effects of Corticosteroids?
- Weight Gain
- Increased Blood Sugar
- Decreased Immunity
What are Corticosteroids used for?
- Rhinitis
- Nasal Polyps
- Chronic Sinusitis
True/False: Do not give corticosteroids to children due to the cause of slow growth. Use caution if patient is on other steroids.
TRUE.
What is the purpose of Anti-Histamines?
Reduces histamine activity by blocking histamine receptor sites.
What is the brand name for “Diphenhydramine” ?
Benadryl
What are the 2 types of Antihistamine Receptors?
- H1 Receptors Antagonist (Control symptoms)
- H2 Receptors (Primarily on GI tract)
What are the common side effects of Anti-Histamines?
- Sedation
- Drowsiness
- Dry Nose
- Dry Mouth
- Blurred Vision
- Hypotension
What are the 2 generations of Anti-Histamines?
- 1st Generation: Dyphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- 2nd Generation: Ceterizine (Zyrtec)
What is the purpose of Decongestants?
- Reduce swelling of the nasal passages
- Clogged nasal passages
- Enhances drainage of the sinuses
What are Decongestants used for?
Temporary relief of nasal congestion; associated with common cold, hay fever, sinusitis, and ellergic rhinitis.
What is an example of a Decongestant?
- Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
- Oxymetazoline (Afrin)
What are the side effects of Decongestants?
- Nasal Burning
- Stinging
- Dryness
- Cardiac Arrythmias
What should the nurse assess for prior to giving a decongestant?
- Patient history for Thyroid disease
- Prostate Problems
- Glaucoma
True/False: Children under 12 years of age should not be given a decongestant.
TRUE.
True/False: You must be cautious when giving a decongestant to patients taking MAOI’s.
TRUE.
What is an Antitussive?
A drug that stops coughing
What is an example of an Antitussive?
Codeine (central acting)
What are Antitussives used for?
- Treatment of nonproductive coughs
- Acute broncopulmonary diseases (pneumonia, bronchitis)
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Acetaminophine overdose
What are the side effects of Antitussives?
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Respiratory depression
True/False: Make sure the patient’s call light is in reach if they need to get out of bed while dizzy. They will need assistance.
TRUE.
What are some precautions for Antitussives?
- Use with caution in pregnant patients
- Acute asthmatic attack
- Acute abdominal conditions
- Head Inury
What is the purpose of Expectorants?
Increases respiratory tract fluids which reduces viscosity of secretions (mucus) in the lungs.
What is an example of an Expectorant?
Guaifenesin (Robitussin)
True/False: Expectorants have very minimal effects.
TRUE.
What is the purpose of Mucolytics?
Reduces viscosity of mucus in the bronchial tree (lower lung).
What are Mucolytics used for?
Cystic Fibrosis, Acute Bronchopulmonary Diseases
What are the side effects of Mucolytics?
- Broncospasm in asthamtic patients
- Nausea
- Vomiting
As a Nurse, what should you look for/should do on a mucolytic patient?
- Suction equipment available
- “Rotten Egg” Smell
- Rinse mouth after treatment
True/False: Beta 1 Blockers affect the heart; Beta 2 Blockers affect the lungs.
TRUE.
What is Asthma consists of?
Swelling of airway, mucus present
What is the purpose of Adrenergic Broncodilators?
Causes bronchodilation (relaxation of smooth muscles cells).
What are Adrenergic Broncodilators used for?
Bronchospasm associated with acute/chronic asthma, emphysema.