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Pharmacology (LVN) > Unit 2 Exam Review > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What color is Oxygen-Rich Blood?

A

Red

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2
Q

What color is Oxygen-Poor Blood?

A

Blue

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3
Q

What is the purpose of Inhaled Corticosteroids?

A

Exert anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the response of many different kinds of cells.

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4
Q

What are the side effects of Corticosteroids?

A
  • Weight Gain
  • Increased Blood Sugar
  • Decreased Immunity
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5
Q

What are Corticosteroids used for?

A
  • Rhinitis
  • Nasal Polyps
  • Chronic Sinusitis
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6
Q

True/False: Do not give corticosteroids to children due to the cause of slow growth. Use caution if patient is on other steroids.

A

TRUE.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of Anti-Histamines?

A

Reduces histamine activity by blocking histamine receptor sites.

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8
Q

What is the brand name for “Diphenhydramine” ?

A

Benadryl

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of Antihistamine Receptors?

A
  • H1 Receptors Antagonist (Control symptoms)

- H2 Receptors (Primarily on GI tract)

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10
Q

What are the common side effects of Anti-Histamines?

A
  • Sedation
  • Drowsiness
  • Dry Nose
  • Dry Mouth
  • Blurred Vision
  • Hypotension
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11
Q

What are the 2 generations of Anti-Histamines?

A
  • 1st Generation: Dyphenhydramine (Benadryl)

- 2nd Generation: Ceterizine (Zyrtec)

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12
Q

What is the purpose of Decongestants?

A
  • Reduce swelling of the nasal passages
  • Clogged nasal passages
  • Enhances drainage of the sinuses
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13
Q

What are Decongestants used for?

A

Temporary relief of nasal congestion; associated with common cold, hay fever, sinusitis, and ellergic rhinitis.

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14
Q

What is an example of a Decongestant?

A
  • Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

- Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

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15
Q

What are the side effects of Decongestants?

A
  • Nasal Burning
  • Stinging
  • Dryness
  • Cardiac Arrythmias
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16
Q

What should the nurse assess for prior to giving a decongestant?

A
  • Patient history for Thyroid disease
  • Prostate Problems
  • Glaucoma
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17
Q

True/False: Children under 12 years of age should not be given a decongestant.

A

TRUE.

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18
Q

True/False: You must be cautious when giving a decongestant to patients taking MAOI’s.

A

TRUE.

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19
Q

What is an Antitussive?

A

A drug that stops coughing

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20
Q

What is an example of an Antitussive?

A

Codeine (central acting)

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21
Q

What are Antitussives used for?

A
  • Treatment of nonproductive coughs
  • Acute broncopulmonary diseases (pneumonia, bronchitis)
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Acetaminophine overdose
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22
Q

What are the side effects of Antitussives?

A
  • Drowsiness
  • Dizziness
  • Respiratory depression
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23
Q

True/False: Make sure the patient’s call light is in reach if they need to get out of bed while dizzy. They will need assistance.

A

TRUE.

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24
Q

What are some precautions for Antitussives?

A
  • Use with caution in pregnant patients
  • Acute asthmatic attack
  • Acute abdominal conditions
  • Head Inury
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25
Q

What is the purpose of Expectorants?

A

Increases respiratory tract fluids which reduces viscosity of secretions (mucus) in the lungs.

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26
Q

What is an example of an Expectorant?

A

Guaifenesin (Robitussin)

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27
Q

True/False: Expectorants have very minimal effects.

A

TRUE.

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28
Q

What is the purpose of Mucolytics?

A

Reduces viscosity of mucus in the bronchial tree (lower lung).

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29
Q

What are Mucolytics used for?

A

Cystic Fibrosis, Acute Bronchopulmonary Diseases

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30
Q

What are the side effects of Mucolytics?

A
  • Broncospasm in asthamtic patients
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
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31
Q

As a Nurse, what should you look for/should do on a mucolytic patient?

A
  • Suction equipment available
  • “Rotten Egg” Smell
  • Rinse mouth after treatment
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32
Q

True/False: Beta 1 Blockers affect the heart; Beta 2 Blockers affect the lungs.

A

TRUE.

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33
Q

What is Asthma consists of?

A

Swelling of airway, mucus present

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34
Q

What is the purpose of Adrenergic Broncodilators?

A

Causes bronchodilation (relaxation of smooth muscles cells).

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35
Q

What are Adrenergic Broncodilators used for?

A

Bronchospasm associated with acute/chronic asthma, emphysema.

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36
Q

What are some effects of Andrenergic Broncodilators?

A

Tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, anxiety

37
Q

What medication is used in Broncodilators?

A

Theophylline (Xanthine Derivative)

38
Q

What is the action of Broncodilators/Antiasthma Drugs?

A

Stimulates the CNS to promote bronchodilation.

39
Q

What are Bronchodilators used for?

A
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Asthma
40
Q

What are the side effects of Asthma?

A
  • Irritability
  • Nervousness
  • Flushing
41
Q

True/False: Patients should avoid excessive caffeine use. As a Nurse, do not crush time released or EC pills.

42
Q

What are Inhaled Corticosteroids?

A

Decreases inflammation in the airways; blocks reaction to allergens.

43
Q

What are Inhaled Corticosteroids used for?

A

Management and prophylactic treatment of Chronic Asthma, Nasal polyps, and rhinitis.

44
Q

True/False: You must monitor Theophylline Level; Ranges between 10-20 mcg per mL.

45
Q

What are the reactions when taking Inhaled Corticosteroids?

A

Throat irritation, hoarseness, URI, fungal infection of mouth and throat.

46
Q

True/False: Never combine with other corticosteroids, never give if pt has compromised immune system, and always be cautious in pt’s liver and kidney failure, seizures and diabetics.

47
Q

True/False: The Central Nervous System (CNS) effects respiration.

48
Q

What is a “Mast Cell Stabilizer” ?

A

Drug that acts on lung mucosa to prevent histamine release.

49
Q

What are the side effects of Mast Cell Stabilizers?

A
  • Throat Irritation
  • Dryness
  • Cough
  • Wheeze
  • Unpleasant taste
50
Q

What are Mast Cell Stabilizers used for?

A

Reduce the number of asthma attacks prophylactically; not used for acute asthma attacks.

51
Q

True/False: Patients should not use Mast Cell Stabilizer with aspirin or warfarin.

52
Q

What are Leukotriene Modifiers?

A

Drugs that decreases formation of leukotrienes.

53
Q

What are the side effects for Leukotrienes?

A

Headaches; Flu-like symptoms

54
Q

What are the side effects for Immodulators?

A

Anaphylactic reactions

55
Q

True/False: As a Nurse, you should not give Leukotriene Modifiers to patients with liver diseases/broncospasm in acute asthma attack.

56
Q

True/False: As a Nurse, you should not give aspirin or warfarin to patients who are using Leukotriene Modifiers.

57
Q

Which adverse effect is associated with the use of high doses of codeine as an antitussive?

A

Respiratory Depression

58
Q

What is the purpose of pseudoephedrine?

A

To temporarily relieve sinus congestion and pressure.

59
Q

What is the purpose of guaifenesin?

A

To relieve chest congestion; remove mucus.

60
Q

What is the purpose of acetylcysteine?

A

To relieve chest congestion; remove mucus.

61
Q

True/False: When caring for clients who might be under assessed and under treated, observe for behavioral signs that would indicate pain.

62
Q

What is Acute Pain?

A

Short Duration; trauma, surgery; severe initially, eases as it heals and goes away.

63
Q

What is Chronic Pain?

A

Last longer than 6 months.

64
Q

3 Main Barriers to Proper Pain Management

A
  • Primary healthcare providers do not prescribe proper pain medicine doses
  • Nurses do not administer adequate medication for relief of pain
  • Patients do not report accurate level of pain.
65
Q

What are Analgesics?

A

Pain Medications

66
Q

What are Salicylates?

A

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)

Used to reduce fever, pain, inflammatory conditions.

67
Q

What are Non-Salicylates?

A

acetaminophen (Tylenol)

68
Q

What are NSAIDS?

A

ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

69
Q

What are Antiplatelet Aggregation?

A

Inhibits the aggregation or “clumping” of platelets.

70
Q

What are Antiplatelet Aggregation?

A

Inhibits the aggregation or “clumping” of platelets.

71
Q

When can you use Salicylates?

A
  • When having mild to moderate pain
  • Control of fever
  • Inflammatory conditions
  • Reduce TIA (stroke) occurence (aspirin only)
  • Reduce MI in men with unstable angina (aspirin only)
72
Q

Adverse effects of Salicylates (Aspirin)

A

Tinnitus (ringing in ears)

  • Drowsiness
  • Epistaxis
  • Bleeding
  • Bruising
  • Edema
  • Hypotension
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Gastritus
73
Q

Nursing Implications for Aspirin

A
  • History of nasal polyps, asthma, rhinitis, chronic unticaria
  • History of diabetes-monitor glucose
  • Interactions w/anti-coagulants
  • Monitor CBC, Prothrombin Time, Kidney/Liver function studies for patients on long term therapy
  • Stop therapy 1 week prior to surgery
74
Q

Nursing Implications for Aspirin

A
  • History of nasal polyps, asthma, rhinitis, chronic unticaria
  • History of diabetes-monitor glucose
  • Interactions w/anti-coagulants
  • Monitor CBC, Prothrombin Time, Kidney/Liver function studies for patients on long term therapy
  • Stop therapy 1 week prior to surgery
75
Q

NSAID Related Drugs

A 
ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil)
naproxen ( Naprosyn)
indomethacin (Indocin)
ketorolac (Toradol)
celecoxib (Celebrex)
76
Q

What is Cyclooxygenase (COX)

A

COX 1 - Enzyme that helps to maintain stomach linen (ibuprofen & naproxen)

COX 2 - Enzyme that triggers pain and inflammatory

77
Q

Acetaminophen actions/uses

A
  • Analgesic
  • Antipyretic
  • No anti-inflammatory action
  • Does not inhibit platelets aggregation
  • Mild to moderate pain
  • Fever reduction
  • Arthritis pain
  • Analgesic choice for bleeding tendencies
  • Analgesic choice for past minor surgical procedures.
78
Q

Acetaminophen actions/uses

A
  • Analgesic
  • Antipyretic
  • No anti-inflammatory action
  • Does not inhibit platelets aggregation
  • Mild to moderate pain
  • Fever reduction
  • Arthritis pain
  • Analgesic choice for bleeding tendencies
  • Analgesic choice for past minor surgical procedures.
79
Q

Tylenol Adverse Effects

A

Rash, liver toxicity

80
Q

Nursing Implications for Tylenol

A
  • Monitor liver/kidney, CBC
  • Can cause psychological dependence
  • Antidote: acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
81
Q

Discharge Teaching/Patient & Family Education

A
  • Notify Doctor if no relief of symptoms within 5 days of therapy
  • Do not drink alcohol with tylenol
82
Q

Narcotic Analgesics

A
  • Morphine Sulfate
83
Q

Actions of Morphine

A

Acts on opiod receptors in the Central Nerve System and induces sedation, analgesia, and euphoria

84
Q

Uses of Morphine

A
  • Relief of moderate to severe pain
  • Pain relief in MI
  • Relief of dyspnea
  • OB anesthesia
  • Severe cough/diarrhea
  • Conscious sedation
  • Manage opiate dependence
85
Q

Adverse effects for Narcotic Analgesics (pt.1)

A
  • Sedation
  • Confusion
  • Euphoria
  • Impaired coordination
  • Dizziness
  • Urinary retention
  • Constipation
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Respiratory depression
86
Q

Adverse effects for Narcotic Analgesics (pt.2)

A
  • Hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Bradycardia
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Decreased uterine contractibility
  • Allergic reactions
  • Tolerance
  • Physical/Psychological dependence
  • Pupil constriction
87
Q

Narcotic Drugs

A
  • Codeine
  • Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
  • Meperidine (Demerol)
  • Methadone (Dolophine)
  • Oxycodone (Percocet, Percodan)
88
Q

Narcan

A

Only reverses narcotics

Pharmacology (LVN) (2 decks)

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