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Pharmacology (LVN) > UNIT 1 Exam Review > Flashcards

UNIT 1 Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pharmacology

A

The study of drugs and their actions of living organisms.

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2
Q

Drug Names (3 Types)

A
  • Generic
  • Trade/Brand
  • Chemical
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3
Q

Determine the drug name: Ibuprofen

A

Generic

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4
Q

Determine the drug name: Advil

A

Trade/Brand

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5
Q

Drug Categories (3 Types)

A
  • Prescription (Stronger Drugs)
  • Nonprescription (Over-The-Counter Drugs)
  • Controlled Substances (Addictive Drugs)
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6
Q

The higher the ______ , the ______ of risk of side effects.

A

Dose; Higher

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7
Q

When tossing out controlled substances, you should be ________.

A

Supervised, must be documented, and substances must be wasted where it is not retrieved.

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8
Q

3 Phases of Drug Activity

A
  • Pharma-ceutic
  • Pharma-kinetic
  • Pharma-codynamic
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9
Q

4 Factors of Drug Absorption

A
  • Route of administration
  • Solubility of drug
  • Presence of certain bodily conditions
  • First-Pass effect
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10
Q

What is the drug absorption time for “P.O. (By Mouth)” ?

A

30 Minutes

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11
Q

What is the drug absorption time for “I.M. (Intramuscular)” ?

A

15 Minutes

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12
Q

What is the drug absorption time for “S.Q. (Subcutaneous)” ?

A

15 Minutes

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13
Q

What is the drug absorption time for “I.V. (Intraveneous)” ?

A

Instant

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14
Q

Distribution of an absorbed drug in the body depends on what 3 factors?

A
  • Protein Binding (Therapeutic Effect)
  • Blood Flow ( Large Blood Supply)
  • Solubility (Cell Membrane)
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15
Q

Define Metabolism

A

Process in which the body breaks down medication.

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16
Q

Organs where drugs are most metabolized

A

“Keep Living Life In Peace”

  • Kidneys
  • Liver
  • Lungs
  • Intestinal Mucosa
  • Plasma
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17
Q

Define Excretion

A

The elimination of drugs from the body.

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18
Q

3 Types of Patients in Need of a Dosage Reduction

A
  • Patients w/Kidney Diseases
  • Children (Undeveloped/Immature Kidneys
  • Elderly (Diminished Kidney Function)
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19
Q

Define Half-Life

A

Time required for body to eliminate 50% of drug.

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20
Q

When drug starts working

A

Onset

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21
Q

When drug is working at its highest point

A

Peak

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22
Q

How long the drug lasts

A

Duration

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23
Q

Drug that interacts with receptors

A

Agonist

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24
Q

A competitive/non-competitive type of drug is known as

A

Antagonist

25
Q

Substances that causes abnormal development of fetus, often lead to severe deformation

26
Q

5 Categories determining risk of birth defects

A 
A - Safe
B - Okay
C - Maybe
D - Questionable
X - Not Safe
27
Q

No drug should be administered during pregnancy, unless _____!

A

it is needed!

28
Q

Define Adverse Drug Reactions

A

Reactions that may be mild, severe, or life threatening!

29
Q

Adverse reactions may be _______

A
  • common/may occur frequently
  • can occur after 1st dose, several doses, or many doses
  • may be unpredictable
30
Q

Define Allergic Drug Reactions

A

An immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

31
Q

Define Anaphylactic Shock

A

Extremely serious allergic reaction right after administration of a drug which the individual is sensitive towards.

32
Q

5 Types of Drug Reactions

A
  • Drug Indiosyncracy
  • Drug Tolerance
  • Cumulative Drug Effect (Too Much)
  • Toxic Reaction (Risky)
  • Pharmacogenetic Reaction (Hereditary)
33
Q

4 Types of Drug-Drug Interactions

A
  • Additive Effect
  • Potentiation
  • Antagonist Effect
  • Increase/Decrease Absorption
34
Q

5 Factors Influencing Drug Response

A
  • Age
  • Weight
  • Sex
  • Disease
  • Route of Admission
35
Q

4 Nursing Implications when Administering Drugs

A
  • Obtain data; health/medication history
  • Perform physical assessment
  • Delivery of medications
  • Evaluation of effectiveness of medication
36
Q

8 Nursing Medication Rights

A
  • Right Patient
  • Right Drug
  • Right Dose
  • Right Route
  • Right Time
  • Right to Refuse
  • Right Documentation
  • Right to Educate
37
Q

True/False: The Nurse MUST have a physician’s order administering any medication.

38
Q

True/False: The Nurse must not accept any medication orders from another Nurse

39
Q

4 Types of Orders

A
  • Standing
  • Single
  • STAT (immediately)
  • PRN (as needed)
40
Q

Always check and compare label of any drug with MAR _____ times before administering to patient!

41
Q

Score

A

A “dent” on a pill that is eligible to be cut in half.

42
Q

What is the proper protocol when administering a pill without a score but is needing to be cut in half?

A

Call/Notify Pharmacy Department

43
Q

What does “B.I.D.” represent?

A

Twice a day

44
Q

What does “T.I.D.” represent?

A

Three times a day

45
Q

What does “Q.I.D.” represent?

A

Four times a day

46
Q

What does “Q6H” represent?

A

Every 6 hours

47
Q

What does “NPO” represent?

A

Nothing by Mouth

48
Q

4 Sites of Parenteral Administration

A
  • S.Q. (Subcutaneous)
  • I.M. (Intramuscular)
  • I.V. (Intravenous)
  • I.D (Intradermal)
49
Q

3 Types of Drug Administration Through Skin

A
  • Topical
  • Transdermal
  • Inhalation
50
Q

2 Types of Ear Drop Administration

A
  • Adult (3 yrs. and above); Pull ear up and back

- Children (3yrs. and under); Pull ear down and back

51
Q

Nursing Process (when giving medication)

A
  • Assessment
  • Diagnosis
  • Planning
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
52
Q

Define Beta Blockers

A

Drugs that decreases the heart rate.

53
Q

True/False: Always check heart rate before administering beta blockers!

54
Q

Define Beta Receptors

A

Drugs that increases the heart rate.

55
Q

Size of Insulin Needles (Subcutaneous Injections)

A

28 - 1/2; 45-90 Degree Angle

56
Q

Size of TB Test Needles (Intradermal Injections)

A

25 - 5/8; 5-15 Degree Angle

57
Q

Size of EpiPen/Vaccine needles (Intramuscular Injections)

A

22 - 1 1/2; 72-90 Degree Angle

58
Q

What is a First-Pass Effect?

A

Process in absorption; Drug is absorbed by small intestine, then travels to liver before being released to circulate throughout the body.

Pharmacology (LVN) (2 decks)

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