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Bio 1010 > Unit 2 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The number of protons in an atom

A

atomic number

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2
Q

An interaction between two or more of the same or different elements that results in the formation of molecules

A

chemical bond

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3
Q

A negatively charged particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a charge of -1

A

electron

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4
Q

One of the 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain the characteristic of that substance; each element has a specified number of protons and unique properties

A

element

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5
Q

One or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

A

isotope

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6
Q

The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom

A

mass number

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7
Q

Anything that has mass and occupies space

A

matter

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8
Q

A particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1

A

neutron

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9
Q

(chemistry) the dense center of an atom made up of protons and (except in the case of a hydrogen atom) neutrons

A

nucleus

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10
Q

An organizational chart of elements, indicating the atomic number and mass number of each element; also provides key information about the properties of elements

A

periodic table of elements

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11
Q

A positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1 and a charge of +1

A

proton

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12
Q

An isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element

A

radioactive isotope

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13
Q

A monomer of a protein

A

amino acid

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14
Q

A biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1

A

carbohydrate

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15
Q

A polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to the cell

A

cellulose

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16
Q

A type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans, and the cell walls of fungi

A

chitin

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17
Q

The loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals

A

denaturation

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18
Q

A double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the hereditary information of the cell

A

DNA

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19
Q

Two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond

A

disaccharide

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20
Q

A catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein

A

enzyme

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21
Q

A lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol (triglyceride) that typically exists in a solid form at room temperature

A

fat

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22
Q

A storage carbohydrate in animals

A

glycogen

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23
Q

A chemical signaling molecule, usually a protein or steroid, secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells; acts to control or regulate specific physiological process

A

hormone

24
Q

A class of macromolecules that are non polar and insoluble in water

A

lipids

25
Q

A large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers

A

macromolecule

26
Q

A single unit or monomer of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide

27
Q

A biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell

A

nucleic acid

28
Q

A monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

A

nucleotide

29
Q

An unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature

A

oil

30
Q

A major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone

A

phospholipid

31
Q

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

A

polypeptide

32
Q

A long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched

A

polysaccharide

33
Q

A biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids

A

protein

34
Q

A single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis

A

RNA

35
Q

A long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized

A

saturated fatty acid

36
Q

A storage carbohydrate in plants

A

starch

37
Q

A type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings

A

steroid

38
Q

A form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond

A

trans-fat

39
Q

A fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule

A

triglyceride

40
Q

A long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

A

unsaturated fatty acid

41
Q

What is found in a cell that tells you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic

A

mitochondria

42
Q

What keeps a plant cell from bursting in pure water

A

plant cell wall

43
Q

Larger and more complex

A

eukaryotic

44
Q

Smaller and simpler

A

prokaryotic

45
Q

Contains a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

A

eukaryotic

46
Q

Maintaining the fluid surrounding blood cells at a similar solute concentration

A

osmoregulation

47
Q

What polymer does guanine make up part of the monomer

A

nucleic acid

48
Q

What do all monomer/polymer combinations have in common

A

held together by covalent bonds

49
Q

The information to make this molecule is stored directly in DNA. This molecule does the work of a cell

A

protein

50
Q

The molecule is used for energy and for structural support in plants

A

carbohydrate

51
Q

This molecule is the only one that is NOT hydrophillic

A

lipid

52
Q

The genetic material found in all living things, made up of the building blocks called…

A

nucleotides

53
Q

Reduces the activation energy of the reaction

A

enzymes

54
Q

Organelle in a eukaryotic cell that connects directly to the outside of the nuclear envelope

A

endoplasmic reticulum

55
Q

A form of facilitated diffusion

A

osmosis

56
Q

Plants surround themselves in what solutions in order to maintain turgor

A

hypotonic

Bio 1010 (4 decks)

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