Final example questions Flashcards
What is the difference between discovery science and hypothesis-driven science?
A. Discovery science involves predictions about outcomes, whereas hypothesis-driven science involves tentative answers to specific questions
B. Discovery science “discovers” new knowledge, whereas hypothesis-driven science does not
C. Discovery science is mostly about describing nature, whereas hypothesis-driven science tries to explain nature
D. Discovery sciences uses experiments to collect data about nature, hypothesis-driven science uses experiments to create theories about nature
C
Which of the statements about hypotheses below is accurate?
A. A hypothesis cannot be challenged or modified after it has been proposed
B. A hypothesis that is valid should be obvious and doesn’t need to be tested
C. The point of a hypothesis is to prove it wrong
D. The scientific method can help people make the best decisions for their medical and environmental decisions
D
Typically, when trying to understand a natural phenomenon, the first step is usually to:
A. Observe and quantify the natural phenomenon
B. Prove an answer
C. Make a prediction
D. Design an experiment
A
Out of the steps listed below, which will happen first in the scientific method?
A. Formulating a hypothesis
B. Designing your experiment
C. Developing a prediction
D. Analyzing your data
A
You are designing an experiment to test the effect of a new high blood pressure drug. You will have 1,500 participants divided into three groups: 450 people will be in a control group receiving a pill that has no active ingredient; 550 people will receive a low dose of the new drug; 500 people will receive a high dose of the new drug. What is a variable that all 3 different groups should have in common to make the results most accurate?
A. Everyone should have high blood pressure at the start of the experiment
B. Everyone should have low blood pressure at the start of the experiment
C. Everyone should identify as the same sex
D. Everyone should be the same height
A
You are designing an experiment to test the effect of a new high blood pressure drug. You will have 1,500 participants divided into three groups: 450 people will be in a control group receiving a pill that has no active ingredient; 550 people will receive a low dose of the new drug; 500 people will receive a high dose of the new drug. What is the INDEPENDENT variable in this experiment?
A. Blood pressure measurements
B. How much of the drug the patient receives on the scale of none to high dose
C. Having high blood pressure at the start of the experiment
D. Having low blood pressure at the start of the experiment
B
You have always grown tomatoes in your backyard garden, and you noticed this year that you got less tomatoes than your neighbor. You ask them if you treat them with anything special, and they replied that they use manure as fertilizer, which is an organic form of fertilization. you normally use Miracle Gro, which is not considered organic, and you’ve heard about organic farming producing better results, so you decide to do an experiment. You use identical pots, soil, seed, water, and placements on your back patio. To one pot you add what you’ve always used–Miracle Gro. To the other, you add manure. You let the seeds grow and then measure how many tomatoes you get after a few months. Which of the following would be an appropriate prediction for your experiment?
A. If you use manure as a fertilizer, then you will grow more tomatoes
B. Organic food does not contain any GMOs, which makes it healthier
C. Manure smells worse than Miracle Gro, so it must be better for tomato growth
D. The type of fertilizer you use affect the amount of tomatoes that grow
A
You have always grown tomatoes in your backyard garden, and you noticed this year that you got less tomatoes than your neighbor. You ask them if you treat them with anything special, and they replied that they use manure as fertilizer, which is an organic form of fertilization. You normally use Miracle Gro, which is not considered organic, and you’ve heard about organic farming producing better results, so you decide to do an experiment. You use identical pots, soil, seed, water, and placements on your back patio. To one pot you add what you’ve always used–Miracle Gro. To the other, you add manure. You let the seeds grow and then measure how many tomatoes you get after a few months. In this set up, what is the dependent variable?
A. How many tomatoes you get
B. What type of fertilizer is used
C. How big the tomatoes get
D. Using vs not using fertilizer
A
You find that after the tomatoes have set, the Miracle Gro group produced 7 tomatoes, and the manure group produced 10 tomatoes. However, you noticed that the manure group of tomatoes were much smaller, and on average weighed 0.4 lbs, while the Miracle Gro group on average weighed 0.57 lbs. You also found that when you weighed all the tomatoes as a group, you got 4 lbs of tomatoes from each set. Finally, you tasted the tomatoes and found that the manure tomatoes tasted sweeter, were a deeper red color, and smelled better. Which of the following would be considered qualitative data?
A. The tomato sweetness
B. The weight of the individual tomatoes
C. The total weight of all the tomatoes
D. The total number of tomatoes produced
A
Our understanding of science is constantly being challenged and often changed when new technologies and information become available that were previously not available, like when Pluto was demoted form being a planet when better telescopes were invented. As a result, scientists tend to avoid speaking in certainties, and instead prefer to discuss likelihood and high probabilities of something being true. Given this, which of the following statements is MOST meaningful?
A. Scientific knowledge is based on current knowledge
B. Scientific knowledge is absolute and doesn’t change
C. Scientific knowledge is a static and unchanging collection of fact
D. Scientific knowledge is a rigid collection of invariable facts
A
The dependent variable is:
A. The thing that is being changed
B. The thing that is being measure in the experiment
C. The group where something is changed
D. The group where no change is made
B
Which of the following best represents a prediction about the observation that bread dough rises?
A. Bread dough rises because it is pushed up by bubbles of CO2 given off by yeast
B. If I prefer brown bread, peanut butter sandwiches are more delicious
C. Bread dough rises when left in a warm location
D. If bread dough rises as it is pushed up by bubble of CO2 given off by the yeast, then dough will not rise as the yeast are killed before being mixed into the dough
D
Of the different statements listed below, which would be considered a scientifically testable statement?
A. Yeast is more effective at causing dough to rise than baking soda
B. Stem cell testing is wrong
C. American Idol produced better music than the Voice
D. People born under the Taurus sign are more stubborn than Capricorns
A
In a situation where the data points from an experiment are all close together near to the average, you would expect the standard deviation to be:
A. Very high
B. Very low
C. 0
B
Which of the following statements is not an example of a correlation between two phenomena?
A. Since 2000, there has been a significant decrease in the number of colon cancer cases in the US
B. Men who take multivitamins after age 50 have decreased incidents of prostate cancer
C. There was a steady increase in both mozzarella cheese consumption and Civil engineering degrees from 2000-2009
D. From 2000 to 2009, there was an increase in the revenue collected from video game arcades in the US and an increase in the number of computer science doctoral degrees awarded in the US
A
