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unit 2 exam Flashcards

1
Q

hydroxyl group

A

-OH

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2
Q

carbonyl group

A

C=O

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3
Q

carboxyl group

A

-COOH

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4
Q

amino group

A

-NH2

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5
Q

sulfhydryl group

A

-SH

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6
Q

Phosphate group

A

-OPO2 (2-)

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7
Q

methyl group

A

-CH3

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8
Q

polar covalent bond

A

molecule that not symmetrically charged

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9
Q

nonpolar covalent bond

A

molecule thats symmetrically charged

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10
Q

hydrophillic

A

water-loving

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11
Q

hydrophobic

A

water-fearing

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12
Q

valance for C H O N

A

4, 1, 2, 3

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13
Q

structural isomer

A

identical chemicals but different covalent partners

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14
Q

geometric isomer

A

identical chemical formulas with different orientation of atoms around a double covalent bond

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15
Q

enantiomer (isomer)

A

identical chemicals with different orientation around the C atom

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16
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

joining of two monomers by removing water

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17
Q

organic chemicals

A

has organic carbon atoms

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18
Q

Proteins and Nucleic Acids have CHO and

A

Nitrogen

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19
Q

Proteins have CHON and

A

Sulfer

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20
Q

Nucleic Acids have CHON and

A

Phosphorus

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21
Q

the function of proteins is that they

A

catalyze reactions and transport substrates

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22
Q

the function of lipis is

A

to provide energy, act as hormones, and make up cell membranes

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23
Q

the function of nucleic acids is

A

to store genetic information and gene expression

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24
Q

the function of carbohydrates is

A

to provide support and provide energy

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25
Q

monomer of proteins

A

amino acids

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26
Q

polymer of proteins

A

polypeptide

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27
Q

monomer/polymer of lipids

A

NONE

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28
Q

monomer of nucleic acids

A

nucleotide

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29
Q

polymer of nucleic acid

A

DNA and RNA

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30
Q

monomer of carbohydrate

A

monosaccharride

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31
Q

polymer of carbohydrate

A

polysaccharide

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32
Q

how many monomers are in proteins

A

20 amino acids

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33
Q

amino acids are hydro-

A

phillic and phopic

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34
Q

nucleotides in dna

A

adenine and thymine, cytosine and guanine

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35
Q

nucleotides in rna

A

adenine and uracil, cytosine and guanine

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36
Q

monomer of starch, gylcogen, and cellulose

A

glucose

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37
Q

starch and cellulose are found in

A

plants

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38
Q

glycogen are found in

39
Q

an insoluable dietary fiber found on food packages is

40
Q

chitin is a

A

structural polymer that has nitrogenous group replacing -OH in glucose

41
Q

the shape of primary structure is determined by

42
Q

the shape of secondary structure is determined by

43
Q

the shape of tertiary structure is determined by

A

h bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and sulfhydryl groups

44
Q

the shape of the quaternary structure is determined by

A

h bonds and vander waals forces

45
Q

pyrimidine nucleotides

46
Q

purine nucleotides

47
Q

phospholipid bilayer structure

A

glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group

48
Q

what part is hydrophillic/phobic in phospholipid bilayers

A

hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

49
Q

disaccharide is

A

two monosaccharides joined together

50
Q

amino acids are held by _____ through dehydration synthesis or hydrolisis

A

peptide bonds

51
Q

polypeptides have an AA end group

52
Q

cellular respiration

A

rxn of atp for cell energy

53
Q

NADH+ H+ FADH2 NADPH are

A

electron carriers and dinucleotides

54
Q

a rxn for polymers where rxn gains h2o

A

hydrolisis

55
Q

saturated fatty acid

A

has max number of H

56
Q

unsaturated fatty acid

A

less than max number of h due to a c=c bond

57
Q

endosymbiotic theory explains

A

origin of mitochondria and chloroplast by explaining that an anaerobic eukaryote eats an aerobic bacteria

58
Q

organelles and their parts that are ONLY found in animals

A

centriols, cilia+flagella, lysosomes, cytoskeleton

59
Q

organelles/parts ONLY found in plants

A

chloroplast, cell wall, central vacuole

60
Q

organelles ONLY found in prokaryotes

61
Q

nucleoid (organelle)

A

where dna is stored in prokaryotic cell

62
Q

nucleus (organelle)

A

where dna is stored in eukarotic cell

63
Q

mitochondria (organelle)

A

site of cellular respiration

64
Q

chloroplast (organelle)

A

site of photosynthesis

65
Q

rough ER (organelle)

A

has ribosomes and makes them into proteins

66
Q

smooth ER (organelle)

A

makes lipids and cell membrane

67
Q

golgi apparatus (organelle)

A

sorts proteins for export

68
Q

lysosome (organelle)

A

phagocytosis

69
Q

central vacuole (organelle)

A

turgor pressure

70
Q

cillia and flagella (organelle)

A

endo/exocytosis and helps cell move

71
Q

plasma membrane (part)

A

phospholipid bilayer that seperates inside/outside of cell

72
Q

cell wall (part)

A

rigid outer layer of cell that adds support

73
Q

cytoplasm (part)

A

liquid gel where organelle floats in

74
Q

cytoskeleton (part)

A

provides cell shape

75
Q

free ribosomes (part)

A

makes proteins inside and for cytoplasm

76
Q

centrioles (part)

A

makes cilia and flagela

77
Q

endomembrane system

A

Rough ER, Smooth ER, golgi, lysosome, cell membrane

78
Q

flow of information in cell

A

DNA –transcription-> RNA –translation-> protein

79
Q

nuclear membrane

A

double membrane that surrounds nucleus

80
Q

nuclear pores

A

large holes on membrane for ribosomes to pass through

81
Q

nucleolus

A

ribosome synthesis

82
Q

miller-Urey experiment

A

shows organic molecules can be made abiotically

83
Q

RNA World hypothesis

A

rna was the 1st molecule with ribozyme activity

84
Q

ribozyme

A

rRNA that contains catalyse rxns

85
Q

stromatolite

A

fossilized bacterial mats

86
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

explains structure of a function cell membrane

87
Q

gap junctions

A

holes between cells for exchange of ions/molecules

88
Q

tight junctions

A

prevent leakage between cell (in urinary/digestive organs)

89
Q

desmosomes junction

A

type of junction that holds cells together (heart/skin)

90
Q

organelles are

A

membrane bound structures

91
Q

ribosomes

A

made of RNA and make proteins

92
Q

cell theory

A

all living things are composed of cells, cells come from cells, and is the basic unit of life

93
Q

chromatin

A

relaxed chromosomes

94
Q

chromosome

A

a histone-bound dna

Biology 101 (10 decks)

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