Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of Sociology > Unit 2 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_____ is the catalyst for social change

A

deviance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deviance

A

to be different from what society says is appropriate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sanctions

A

punishments for violating values/norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Formal sanctions

A

laws, written and enforced by authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

informal sanctions

A

enforced by other people, seen as wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

stigma

A

a negative label (informal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sociologist that says deviance is a function

A

Emile Durkheim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 purposes of deviance as a function

A

boundary maintenance and defining deviance down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

boundary maintenance

A

deviance and punishment of deviance tells people what they aren’t supposed to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

defining deviance down

A

something that is done so often that it is no longer considered deviance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sociologist that developed strain theory (functionalist)

A

Robert Merton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

strain theory

A

deviance comes from peoples inability to attain set goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

conformist

A

go along with established goals and methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inovator

A

accept the goal, but will not or cannot do it by established methods (criminals, sports figures, celebrities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ritualist

A

give up on the goal, still go through the methods even though they know they wont succeed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

retreatist

A

give up on goal and method, drop out and don’t function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

rebel

A

wants to change the goal and change the method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

differential association

A

Edwin Sutherland - associating with different groups, learn different values, leads to deviance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

social learning theory

A

we can learn deviance not by listening, but through watching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Labeling theory

A

Howard Becker- by labeling, you are affecting interaction, can be self fulfilling prophecy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

primary deviance

A

Edwin Lemert- most people commit, violating value or norm, usually get away with it, if you dont you are labelled and treated differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

secondary deviance

A

Edwin Lemert- after you are labeled, still commit deviance, have accepted the label

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

control theory

A

Edwin Lemert- we might do things considered wrong if the benefits outweigh negatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

racialization

A

implying something is dealing with or is related to race, even though it is not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ethnicity

A

differences in culture, differences in values and norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

dejure segregation

A

segregation mandated by law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

defacto segregation

A

segregation by tradition

28
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

laws of segregation (separate but equal)

29
Q

anti misegenation

A

forbidding interracial marriage or any type of sexual interation

30
Q

One Drop Rule

A

if you were found to have one drop of “black blood” you were black and treated as such

31
Q

assimilation

A

become more like the dominant group

32
Q

amalgamation

A

“melting pot” taking all different races and ethnicities to create a new group

33
Q

pluralism

A

different groups living close to each other and keeping their culture

34
Q

genocide

A

state sponsored murder, committed by governments not by single individuals

35
Q

diaspora

A

when an ethnic group is relocated by force or otherwise

36
Q

cultural genocide

A

attempt to wipe out all traces of a culture

37
Q

social mobility

A

ability to move within a class system, can be upwards downward or horizontal

38
Q

horizontal social mobility

A

generations in the same social class

39
Q

stratification

A

structured inequality, has layers

40
Q

means of production

A

(Marx) owners have control and surplus value

41
Q

surplus value

A

(Marx) profit, where the money is, workers dont get profits

42
Q

class consciousness

A

(Marx) workers need to understand their position, work together and unionize to increase pay

43
Q

false consciousness

A

(Marx) not understanding your position, being a worker and siding with bosses instead of workers

44
Q

prestige

A

(Max Weber) social respect, certain jobs make navigating social situations easier, necessary for social mobility

45
Q

cultural capital

A

(Pierre Bourdoeu) when you use culture to your advantage or to accomplish something, things learned from environment

46
Q

Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore ideas

A

stratification necessary from functionalist perspective, people at bottom do necessary jobs, division of labor

47
Q

absolute poverty

A

do not have money for basic necessities, cannot afford food, shelter, clothing

48
Q

relative poverty

A

poverty that is relative to where you are, who you are around, poverty by comparison

49
Q

working poor

A

people who work jobs just to pay the bills, barely getting by

50
Q

feminization of poverty

A

women are the group with the most members living in absolute poverty globally, due to patriarchy

51
Q

democracy

A

ruled by the people, USA is representational democracy

52
Q

monarchy

A

power and ruling through tradition, family line retains power

53
Q

constitutional monarchy

A

ruling family is for show, current england, democracy in function

54
Q

dictatorship

A

power is taken and maintained through force and terror

55
Q

authority

A

legitimate power, power that is freely given and not taken by force, US system based on this

56
Q

citizens

A

people belonging to a country that have civil rights, political rights, and social rights

57
Q

civil rights

A

fairness under the law, right to a job and education

58
Q

political rights

A

right to vote and run for office

59
Q

social rights

A

right to have a life, family, prosper

60
Q

conflict theorist, power elite

A

C Wright Mills

61
Q

power elite

A

C Wright Mills, important decisions made by high ranking members of government, military, and business

62
Q

revolution

A

changing of a government through violence

63
Q

social movemrnts

A

organized collective action for change, protests, defying authority, meant to be non violent

64
Q

relative deprivation

A

(James Davis) if everyone is deprived, it brings people together

65
Q

when do social movements come about

A

(Davis) when a group is deprived and sees that others are not

Principles of Sociology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions