Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of Sociology > Unit 1 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 1 Exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sociology

A

using theories and explanation to explain human social behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the sociological imagination

A

(C Wright Mills) application of imaginative thought to asking and answering sociological questions, understanding the connection between society and individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

functionalism

A

everything in society has a purpose and function (human body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

manifest function

A

main function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

latent function

A

secondary function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dysfunction

A

things don’t work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

conflict perspective

A

emphasizes role of political and economic power and oppression as contributing to the existing social order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

feminist theory

A

conflict specifically dealing with women and the inequalities and disadvantages they face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

symbolic interaction

A

how people interact with each other, interaction based on symbols (bilingual, uniforms, tattoos, other cultures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

rational choice theory

A

any given situation we tend to do what is more of a positive or benefit to us personally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

postmodernism

A

social construction of reality, everybody’s reality is different based on how they behave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Auguste Comte

A

founder of sociology, believed scientific methods could be applied to study human behavior and society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

herbert spencer

A

believed development is natural outcome of individual achievement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Emile Durkheim theories

A

social facts, organic solidarity, mechanical solidarity, social constraints, division of labor, anomie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

social facts

A

aspects of social life that shape our actions as individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

organic solidarity

A

social cohesion that results from various parts of a society functioning as a whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mechanical solidarity

A

people that do the same work have similar values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

social constraint

A

conditioning influence on our behavior of the groups and societies of which we are members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

division of labor

A

people doing different things (organic solidarity), causes problems but is necessary for advancement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anomie

A

lack of social structure, breakdown of social institutions, leads to deviance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Karl Marx theories

A

class struggle, materialistic conception of history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

materialistic conception of history

A

according to which material, or economic, factors have a prime role in determining historical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Max Weber

A

perspective, rationalization, understand and use of understanding when you interact with people, studied bureaucracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

rationalization

A

process by which modes of precise calculation and organization (including abstract rules) come to dominate the social world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

bureaucracy

A

organization marked by clear hierarchy and authority and existence of written rules of procedure staffed by full time salaried officials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

WEB Debois

A

studied discrimination and how it affected families, dominant group and marginalized group, double consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

double consciousness

A

living your life using two social identities, two different cultural scripts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Harriet Martineau

A

focus on all aspects (political, religious, social institutions), analysis of society needed to include all of its members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

George Herbert Mead

A

symbolic interactionism, studied extensively the use of symbols in society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

emphasizes the role of symbols and language as core elements of all human interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

macro sociology

A

study of large scale groups, organizations, or social systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

micro sociology

A

study of human behavior in the context of face to face interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

qualitative research

A

relies on personal and collective interviews, accounts, or observations of a person or situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

quantitative research

A

drawn on statistical data and often focuses on documenting trends, comparing subgroups, or exploring correlations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

open ended survey questions

A

respondents may express their views in their own words, and researchers can ask more and probe into what the respondent thinks

36
Q

closed ended survey questions

A

only a fixed range of responses possible (yes, no, don’t know, likely)

37
Q

culture

A

everything that is man made

38
Q

cultural universals

A

things that are the same everywhere

39
Q

values

A

learned, powerful beliefs

40
Q

norms

A

rules and behaviors that are appropriate in a given situation

41
Q

linguistic relativity hypothesis

A

by Sapier and Whorf, words affect perception

42
Q

ethnocentrism

A

judging a culture based on your own values

43
Q

cultural relativism

A

not judging cultures but understanding them, looking through a natives lense

44
Q

subculture

A

culture within a culture, can be tied to recreational activities or a job

45
Q

counter culture

A

values are off base from your surroundings, feel out of place, often self segregated (Amish)

46
Q

dominant ideology

A

primary shared ideas or beliefs in a population, connected closely with power

47
Q

agents of socialization

A

family, education, peers, media, work

48
Q

family socialization role

A

race, gender, ethnicity, right and wrong

49
Q

education socialization role

A

reinforces societal values

50
Q

peers socialization role

A

friends, mixed set of values

51
Q

media socialization role

A

can be complete opposite from your own values (TV)

52
Q

work socialization role

A

people spend more time at work than anywhere else, very influential

53
Q

gender role

A

learned behavior, expectations of gender learned through agents of socialization

54
Q

identity

A

who you think you are

55
Q

social identity

A

who everybody else thinks you are

56
Q

“I” stage of self

A

children, often care about only themselves

57
Q

“Me” stage of self

A

understands that others interact with them, learns patience, i becomes me through family values and teaching, continues in education

58
Q

the generalized/other personality

A

the expectations of society

59
Q

social construction

A

something that is what society says it is, based on rules put down by society, constantly changing based on values and culture

60
Q

Jean Piaget

A

studied cognitive development, stages of development

61
Q

sensorimotor stage of development

A

infants, based on touch, tactile development

62
Q

preoperational stage of development

A

children, start to understand language and symbols based role play

63
Q

concrete operational stage of development

A

understand cause and effect, linear thought

64
Q

formal operational stage of development

A

understand abstract thought

65
Q

statuses

A

socially defined position, displays distinct patterns of behavior that members of a group follow

66
Q

roles

A

socially defined expectations of an individual in a given status or social position

67
Q

Goffman

A

studied the field of social interaction, dramaturgical theory, believed sociologists needed to concern themselves with seemingly trivial aspects of social behavior

68
Q

dramaturgical theory

A

elements of human interaction are based on time, place, and audience

69
Q

impression management

A

preparing for the presentation of ones social role

70
Q

Edward T Hall

A

worked on nonverbal communication and study of personal space

71
Q

Harold Garfinke

A

studied ethnomethodology

72
Q

ethnomethodology

A

study of how people make sense of what others say and do in the course of day to day interaction

73
Q

groups

A

collection of people who regularly interact with one another and share a sense of common identity

74
Q

primary groups

A

characterized by intense emotional ties, face to face interaction, intimacy, and strong sense of commitments

75
Q

secondary groups

A

groups characterized by large size and by impersonal, fleeting relationships

76
Q

ingroups

A

groups toward which one feels partículas loyalty and respect, “we” belong

77
Q

outgroups

A

groups toward which one feels antagonism and contempt “those people”

78
Q

McDonaldization

A

(George Ritzer) prices by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of american society as well as the rest of the world

79
Q

George Simmel

A

studied group size, theorized about the impact of small groups on people’s behavior

80
Q

Dyad

A

a group consisting of two persons

81
Q

Triad

A

a group consisting of three persons

82
Q

Solomon Asch

A

studied conformity, created conformity experiment with lines

83
Q

conformity experiment

A

line experiment, showed that many people are willing to discount their own perceptions rather than buck group consensus

84
Q

Stanley Milgram

A

studied obedience, experiments intended to show light on what happened in Nazi Germany during WWII

85
Q

obedience experiment

A

where people were told to give others an electric shock when ordered by a scientist, over half obeyed up to maximum voltage, people will obey orders given by authority figures

Principles of Sociology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions