Unit 2 - Evolutions of Populations

Question 1

Trait/Character

Answer 1

heritable feature that varies among individuals

Question 2

Discrete Traits

Answer 2

controlled by one or two genes; classified into types/groups (i.e flower color)

Question 3

Quantitative Traits

Answer 3

controlled by multiple genes, phenotype falls on a continuum of values (i.e. height)

Question 4

Homozygous

Answer 4

organism with two of the same alleles controlling character expression

Question 5

Heterozygous

Answer 5

organism with two different alleles controlling character expression

Question 6

Dominance

Answer 6

determines phenotype based on which allele is expressed when different alleles occur together

Question 7

Dominant/Recessive

Answer 7

only when dominant is observed

Question 8

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 8

intermediate of two phenotypes observed

Question 9

Co-Dominance

Answer 9

Both phenotypes expressed

Question 10

Norm of Reaction

Answer 10

refers to the expression of phenotype being dependent on genotype suitability in its environment; natural selection

Question 11

Population

Answer 11

group of interbreeding individuals of same species

Question 12

Gene Pool

Answer 12

genetic variation in a population

Question 13

Microevolution

Answer 13

change in allele frequencies in population over generations

Question 14

Hardy-Weinburg Principle

Answer 14

allele, genotype
frequencies will remain
constant when only
Mendelian segregation,
recombination are working

Question 15

Directional Selection

Answer 15

individuals on one extreme of phenotype range have higher fitness (one best solution)

Question 16

Disruptive Selection

Answer 16

individuals on both extremes of phenotype range have higher fitness than individuals in middle

Question 17

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 17

individuals with intermediate phenotype have higher fitness than individuals on extremes

Question 18

Balancing Selection

Answer 18

natural selection preserves two or more forms in population

Question 19

Heterozygote Advantage

Answer 19

heterozygous genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive genotype

Question 20

Frequency-Dependent Selection

Answer 20

which phenotype is favored by selection
depends on how common it is

Question 21

Macroevolution

Answer 21

broad changes that occur at or above species level; applies mainly to the evolution of whole taxonomic groups over long periods of time