Unit 2 - Community Ecology

Question 1

Heterochrony

Answer 1

evolutionary change in rate or timing of developmental events

Question 2

Paedomorphosis

Answer 2

sexually mature adult which resembles juvenile stage of ancestor

Question 3

Homeotic Genes

Answer 3

master regulatory genes which control spatial organization of body parts

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

group of populations of different species that interact with each other

Question 5

Symbiosis

Answer 5

individuals of two or more species
living in direct contact

Question 6

Commensalism

Answer 6

one species benefits without harming or helping other (+/0)

Question 7

Facilitation

Answer 7

one species has positive effect on survival and/or reproduction of another species without symbiotic relationship (+/0)

Question 8

Mutualism

Answer 8

all species benefit (+/+)

Question 9

Obligate Mutualism

Answer 9

one species cannot survive without its symbiote

Question 10

Facultative Mutualism

Answer 10

Species can live without each other

Question 11

Parasitism

Answer 11

one species (parasite) extracts energy from another (host) (+/-)

Question 12

Endoparasites

Answer 12

live inside host

Question 13

Ectoparasites

Answer 13

feed on outside of host

Question 14

Parasitoid

Answer 14

insects lay their eggs inside host, which is then consumed by their offspring

Question 15

Intraspecific Competition

Answer 15

individuals of same species try to access same limiting resource

Question 16

Interspecific Competition

Answer 16

individuals of different species try
to access same limiting resource

Question 17

Ecological Niche

Answer 17

how species uses abiotic and biotic resources in environment

Question 18

Resource Partitioning

Answer 18

one species evolves ability to use different set of resources, or same set in different way at different time to avoid competition, they can coexist

Question 19

Fundamental Niche

Answer 19

niche can potentially be occupied

Question 20

Realized Niche

Answer 20

niche currently occupies

Question 21

Character Displacement

Answer 21

morphological differences
observed when species live together not observed when they occur separately

Question 22

Competitive Release

Answer 22

Once competitor removed, species will expand its niche

Question 23

Species Diversity

Answer 23

variety of different organisms in community

Question 24

Species Richness

Answer 24

number of species

Question 25

Relative Abundance

Answer 25

proportion of individuals of each species in community

Question 26

Disturbance

Answer 26

removes individuals or alters resource availability

Question 27

Foundation Species

Answer 27

Species that influences diversity by creating habitat

Question 28

Trophic Levels

Answer 28

functional groups based on what they eat

Question 29

Food Chain

Answer 29

Transfer of energy between different trophic levels

Question 30

Energetic Hypothesis

Answer 30

food chain length limited by inefficiency of energy transfer

Question 31

Biomass

Answer 31

combined mass of all individuals

Question 32

Bottom-Up

Answer 32

biomass of lower trophic levels affects biomass of higher trophic levels