Unit 2- Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
What’s a nucleoid and what does it hold?
Main DNA material of a bacterium and holds the majority of genes
What’s a tissue?
A group of specialised cells working together for a specific function
What’s the difference between rough and smooth ER?
Rough:makes and transports proteins
Smooth: makes lipids
What’s apoptosis and what r the main reasons for it?
Programmed cell death Done bc: Maintains homeostasis Gets rid of old cells for when organisms r developing Clears the body of mutated/damaged cells
What’s an organism?
A living thing made out of cells, tissues, organs and/ organ systems
What’s the Golgi apparatus?
Membrane stacks that sort, edit and package molecules for transport else where
What r the 4 tissue types?
Epithelial-lining tissue(skin,ovary lining)
Connective
Muscle-supports skeleton structure
Nervous
Name the 2 different types of ribosomes and describe them
80s-eukaryotic and made of 40 and 60 subunits
70s-prokaryotic and made up of 30 and 50 subunits
What’s the name for the interconnected cytoplasm found in the plasmodesmata?
Symplast
How do u convert from mm to um?
X 1000
What’s a mesosome?
Part of the bacterium’s cell membrane that folds inwards and is part of making the cell wall
Name the 4 types of epithelial tissue
Squamous
Cuboidal (like in kidney)
Columnar(goblet cells and attaches bacteria)
Ciliated (lining respiratory/ovarian tract)
Describe the fluid mosaic model
The membrane has a phospholipid bilayer with mobile, iceberg proteins floating in it
What’s a plasmid and what does it hold?
Small circular bit of bacterium DNA
Holds the resistance genes
What’s a prokaryote?
A cell without membrane bound organelles, including a nucleus
What does exocytosis?
When a vesicles fuses with the edge of the cell membrane to release molecules outside of the cell
What is a reason for viruses not being counted as living?
They r not made of cells
What’s an organ system?
A group of organs working together to carry a function on a large scale
What is a bacterium’s cell wall made up of?
Peptidoglycan
What’s the difference between Gram- negative and -positive bacteria?
Gram-negative turns red bc of the thin peptidoglycan wall
Gram-positive bacteria stays blue bc of the thick peptidoglycan wall
What’s a eukaryote?
A cell with membrane bound organelles, including a nucleus
How do u calculate image size?
Image size= actual size x magnification
What’s the structure and function of a lysosome?
Full of digestive enzymes
Eats the food in simple organisms and destroys diseased/damaged cells/organelles
What does it mean when a virus is latent?
When the virus in the host cell isn’t doing any damage
