Unit 2- Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

Question 1

What’s a nucleoid and what does it hold?

Answer 1

Main DNA material of a bacterium and holds the majority of genes

Question 2

What’s a tissue?

Answer 2

A group of specialised cells working together for a specific function

Question 3

What’s the difference between rough and smooth ER?

Answer 3

Rough:makes and transports proteins
Smooth: makes lipids

Question 3

What’s apoptosis and what r the main reasons for it?

Answer 3

Programmed cell death
Done bc:
Maintains homeostasis 
Gets rid of old cells for when organisms r developing
Clears the body of mutated/damaged cells

Question 4

What’s an organism?

Answer 4

A living thing made out of cells, tissues, organs and/ organ systems

Question 5

What’s the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 5

Membrane stacks that sort, edit and package molecules for transport else where

Question 6

What r the 4 tissue types?

Answer 6

Epithelial-lining tissue(skin,ovary lining)
Connective
Muscle-supports skeleton structure
Nervous

Question 8

Name the 2 different types of ribosomes and describe them

Answer 8

80s-eukaryotic and made of 40 and 60 subunits

70s-prokaryotic and made up of 30 and 50 subunits

Question 9

What’s the name for the interconnected cytoplasm found in the plasmodesmata?

Answer 9

Symplast

Question 10

How do u convert from mm to um?

Answer 10

X 1000

Question 11

What’s a mesosome?

Answer 11

Part of the bacterium’s cell membrane that folds inwards and is part of making the cell wall

Question 13

Name the 4 types of epithelial tissue

Answer 13

Squamous
Cuboidal (like in kidney)
Columnar(goblet cells and attaches bacteria)
Ciliated (lining respiratory/ovarian tract)

Question 14

Describe the fluid mosaic model

Answer 14

The membrane has a phospholipid bilayer with mobile, iceberg proteins floating in it

Question 15

What’s a plasmid and what does it hold?

Answer 15

Small circular bit of bacterium DNA

Holds the resistance genes

Question 16

What’s a prokaryote?

Answer 16

A cell without membrane bound organelles, including a nucleus

Question 17

What does exocytosis?

Answer 17

When a vesicles fuses with the edge of the cell membrane to release molecules outside of the cell

Question 18

What is a reason for viruses not being counted as living?

Answer 18

They r not made of cells

Question 19

What’s an organ system?

Answer 19

A group of organs working together to carry a function on a large scale

Question 20

What is a bacterium’s cell wall made up of?

Answer 20

Peptidoglycan

Question 21

What’s the difference between Gram- negative and -positive bacteria?

Answer 21

Gram-negative turns red bc of the thin peptidoglycan wall

Gram-positive bacteria stays blue bc of the thick peptidoglycan wall

Question 22

What’s a eukaryote?

Answer 22

A cell with membrane bound organelles, including a nucleus

Question 23

How do u calculate image size?

Answer 23

Image size= actual size x magnification

Question 24

What’s the structure and function of a lysosome?

Answer 24

Full of digestive enzymes

Eats the food in simple organisms and destroys diseased/damaged cells/organelles

Question 25

What does it mean when a virus is latent?

Answer 25

When the virus in the host cell isn’t doing any damage

Question 26

What kind of cell does a chloroplast come from?

Answer 26

A leucoplast (unspecialised planet cell)

Question 26

What’s r the 4 different shapes of bacteria?

Answer 26

Cocci-sphere
Bacilli- rod-shaped
Spirilla- spiral
Vibrio-comma-shaped

Question 27

What reasons are viruses being considered as living organisms?

Answer 27

They replicate

They change and evolve

Question 28

Explain what a VAP is

Answer 28

Virus Attachment Particle
Proteins that r antigens
Targets tissue-specific proteins in host cell membranes
Way of attaching before virus infects

Question 29

What’s an organ?

Answer 29

A group of different tissues working together to carry out a specific function,like the heart

Question 30

What is recombination?

Answer 30

When enzymes cut,swap and rejoin parts of the parental chromatids, in prophase 1

Question 31

What’s a chromatid?

Answer 31

The result of a chromosome being replicated

Question 32

What holds the sister chromatids together?

Answer 32

Centromeres

Question 33

What does it mean when there’s homologous chromosomes?

Answer 33

When they sit next to each other during the meiosis metaphase 2