Unit 2: Energy Flashcards
Motion energy
It’s kinetic energy.
Motion energy is the movement of objects and substances from one place to another.
Wind is an example of motion energy
Electromagnetic (radiant) energy
It’s kinetic energy.
Electromagnetic energy is energy that travels in transverse waves.
It’s the same as radiation or light energy.
This type of energy can take form of visible light waves, like the light from the sun, a candle, or a light bulb, or invisible waves like radio waves, microwaves, x rays, and gamma rays.
Radiation can travel in a vacuum. Electromagnetic radiation is divided into tiny energy packets called photons
Photons
Found in electromagnetic energy.
They are tiny energy packets.
Each photon has a characteristic frequency, wavelength, and energy, but all photons travel at the same speed, the speed of light (nearly 300 million meters per second)
Thermal energy
It’s kinetic energy
Thermal energy, or heat, is the internal energy in substances-the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances.
Heat and thermal energy are directly related to temperature, we feel the atoms vibrating. High movement=high temperature, low movement=low temperature
Sound energy
It’s kinetic energy
Sound is the movement through substances in longitudinal waves.
Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate-the energy is transferred through the substance in a wave.
Sound can travel by the motion of atoms regardless if they are in liquid, solid or gaseous states.
Sound cannot travel in a vacuum because a vacuum has no atoms to transmit the vibration
Electrical energy
It’s kinetic energy.
Electrical energy is the movement of electrical charges. Everything is made of tiny particles called atoms.
Atoms are made of even smaller particles called electrons protons and neutrons. Applying a force can make some electrons move. Electrical charges moving through a wire is called electricity.
Potential energy
It’s stored energy.
When an object is not moving
Potential energy is the stored energy of position possessed by an object
Gravitational potential energy (GPE)
Is the energy of position or place.
(GPE) depends on an object’s mass and it’s height above the ground.
The higher an object is above the ground or the greater it’s mass, the more GPE it has.
Elastic potential energy
Is the energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing by the application of a force.
The amount of elastic potential energy stored is related to the amount of stretch in the device, the more stretch, the more stored energy.
Chemical energy
It’s potential energy
Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules that make up matter. It is the energy that holds these particles together
Chemical energy can be released during chemical reactions when these bonds are broken
Nuclear energy
It’s potential energy
Nuclear energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom- the energy that holds the nucleus together.
The energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or split apart
Nuclear power plants split the nuclei of uranium atoms in a process called fission.
The sun combines the nuclei of hydrogen atoms in a process called fusion.
Isaac Newton
Discovered gravity
Invented calculus
Laws of motion
Discovered color was a property of light
Law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be converted.
Every time energy is converted, some of the energy is changed into heat (thermal) energy.
Energy sources
Refers to how we obtain the energy we need to generate power.
Example: biomass, hydropower, geothermal, wind, solar, petroleum, etc.
Non renewable energy sources
Means they cannot be replenished in a short period of time
Example: coal, natural gas, petroleum, oil, uranium, etc.
