Unit 2 Energy

Question 1

Types of energy

Answer 1

Renewable, nonrenewable, inexhaustible

Question 2

Fossil fuels

Answer 2

produced from plant and animal remains under high heat and pressure for millions to billions of years

Question 3

Types of fossil fuels

Answer 3

coal, gas, petroleum

Question 4

pollution chemical effects

Answer 4

releases CO2, SO2 (coal), methane, and nitrogen oxides

Question 5

Energy conservation-

Answer 5

saving energy by not using it

Question 6

energy efficiency

Answer 6

making energy do more for us

Question 7

energy waste

Answer 7

2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 8

energy production

Answer 8

most of the time, energy production involves making turbines turn

Question 9

other energy concerns about reserves and energy transport

Answer 9

oil VERY low, coal will last longer

Question 10

Energy transport

Answer 10

moving an energy source to processing and then to where it is needed

Question 11

anthracite

Answer 11

fewest impurities, most dense, highest energy

Question 12

bituminous

Answer 12

contains tar-like bitumen (tar sands), softer coal, more impurities

Question 13

lignite

Answer 13

softest coal, made of compressed peat, undecayed organic matter, low heat content

Question 14

main coal pollutants

Answer 14

SO2, Hg, PM

Question 15

Steps in forming Canadian tar sands

Answer 15

1. Boreal forest clear-cut, rivers/wetlands drained
   
   2. Overburden (peat/clay) removed
   3. Huge machines mine the sand and deliver it to an upgrading plant
   4. Sand mixed with hot water to extract bitumen
      
      5. Further refinement to flow to refinery

Question 16

tar sand

Answer 16

thick oil called bitumen that is mixed with sand, clay, and water

Question 17

cons of tar sands

Answer 17

5x more greenhouse gases, high water requirement, tailings, loss of energy (heat)

Question 18

pros of tar sands

Answer 18

large potential supply, efficiently distributed

Question 19

oil- dispersion

Answer 19

using chemicals to break apart the oil and separate

Question 20

oil- booms

Answer 20

floating barriers used to contain an oil spill

Question 21

oil- skimming

Answer 21

trapping the oil that is resting on the surface

Question 22

oil- burning

Answer 22

using fire to burn off the oil sitting on the surface

Question 23

oil- fractional distillation

Answer 23

separating crude oil using distillation to form various compounds

Question 24

natural gas

Answer 24

mixture of gases of which 50-90% is methane

Question 25

liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Answer 25

propane and butane gases liquefied under high pressure

Question 26

liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Answer 26

liquid natural gas made at high pressure and low temperatures to transport

Question 27

Cons of fracking

Answer 27

``` requires enormous volumes of water contains several potentially hazardous chemicals to reduce friction Booming of mining of sand Earthquakes Emissions Noise and air pollution ```

Question 28

two sources of unconventional natural gas

Answer 28

coal bed methane gas, methane hydrate

Question 29

methane hydrate

Answer 29

methane trapped in icy, cage-like structures of water molecules under arctic permafrost

Question 30

coal

Answer 30

solid fossil fuel formed from the remains of land plants that were buried 300-400 million years ago and exposed to intense heat and pressure over millions of years

Question 31

cons of coal

Answer 31

``` air pollution (SO2,CO2) Coal ash ```

Question 32

coal gasification

Answer 32

process by which solid coal is converted into synthetic natural gas (SNG) removing the sulfur and other impurities

Question 33

coal liquification

Answer 33

process by which solid coal is converted into liquid fuels like methanol land synthetic gasoline

Question 34

synfuels

Answer 34

fuels referred to as cleaner versions of coal