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Abnormal Psych > Unit 2 Disorders and Etiology > Flashcards

Unit 2 Disorders and Etiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Major Depression Symptoms (8)

A
  1. Sad Affect
  2. Anhedonia
  3. Weight/Appetite Change
  4. Psychomotor Changes
  5. Loss of energy
  6. Feeling Worrthless/Guilt
  7. Difficulty Concentrating
  8. Suicidal Ideation
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2
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder Symptoms (3)

A
  1. Depressed Mood for most of the day most days for at least 2 years
  2. 2 additional symptoms
  3. Never without depression for 2 months
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3
Q

Bipolar Disorder Mania Symptoms (3)

A
  1. Elevated, Euphoric or Irritable Mood
  2. Extraordinary increase in activity level
  3. Three of
    the following are noticeable changes from the baseline
    - Talkativeness/ Rapid Speech
    - Racing Thoughts
    - Increased Self-Esteem
    - Distractibility
    - Impulsive, risky behavior
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4
Q

5-HTT gene in depression

A

Produces serotonin

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5
Q

Unipolar Heritability

A

37%

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6
Q

Bipolar Heritability

A

80-90%

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7
Q

Low Norepinephrine causes

A

Unipolar Depression

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8
Q

High Norepinephrine causes

A

Bipolar

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9
Q

Low serotonin causes

A

Unipolar and Bipolar

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10
Q

2 Important areas for functional imaging studies

A

Amygdala and Hippocampus

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11
Q

How is blood flow in amygdala relevant for people with depression

A

Blood flow is 50% greater

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12
Q

Beck’s Theory

A

Depression was a result of the tendency to interpret everyday events in a negative way

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13
Q

Negative Cognitive Triad

A

Think negatively about themselves, their world and their future

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14
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

Result of feeling helpless, lack of control

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15
Q

Depressed people make what attributions

A

Internal, Stable and Global

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16
Q

4 Interpersonal Problems

A
  1. Loss
  2. Role Dispute
  3. Role Transition
  4. Deficits
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17
Q

What was the earliest antidepressants

A

MAO inhibitors

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18
Q

What is currently the most prescribed type of antidepressant

A

SSRIs (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil)

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19
Q

ECT Therapy

A

electric current creates seizures and possible memory loss

20
Q

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

A

Coil placed on the scalp

21
Q

Bipolar treatment

A

Lithium, Depakote

22
Q

Specific Phobia Criteria (4)

A
  1. Intense Fear of object, situation
  2. Avoidance
  3. Symptoms persist for 6 months
  4. Fear needs to cause impairment or distress
23
Q

Systematic Desensitization 3 Steps

A
  1. Learn Relaxation
  2. Create anxiety hierarchy
  3. Expose feared stimulus
24
Q

Phobia Etiology (4)

A
  1. Direct experience (true alarm)
  2. Experience False alarm
  3. Observing, Modeling Vicarious Learning
  4. Transmission
25
Q

Biological Factors For Social Anxiety

A
  1. Preparedness
  2. Infant Temperament
  3. Cognitive (high standards)
26
Q

Three treatment options for social anxiety (4)

A
  1. Exposure
  2. Social Skills training
  3. Cognitive restructuring (Identify, Restructure, Replace)
  4. Medication
27
Q

Cognitive Restructuring

A

Identify, Restructure, Replace

28
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A
  1. Worry for at least 6 months for a number of events
  2. Wish to stop
  3. Three or more of the following
    - Restless
    -On edge
    -Difficulty Concentrating
    - Irritability
    -Muscle Tension
    - Sleep Disturbance
  4. Distress/Impairment
29
Q

Panic Disorder Symptoms

A
  1. Sweating
  2. Dizzy
  3. Fear of dying
  4. Chills
  5. Hot flashes
  6. Nausea
  7. Feel like you are choking
30
Q

Biological Cause of Panic Disorder

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

31
Q

Locus Coeruleus

A

Changes norepinephrine activity

32
Q

panic control therapy

A

Create mini panic attack

33
Q

OCD Characteristics

A
  1. Obsessions
  2. Compulsions
  3. Recurrent Obsessions or compulsions
  4. Relationship between compulsion anxiety
34
Q

Compulsions are learned behaviors that are reinforced by ___________.

A

Consequences

35
Q

Neutral Stimuli becomes associated with what

A

Frightening thoughts

36
Q

Richman’s Theory

A

Fixating, trying not to think about causes you to think about it more

37
Q

4 factors of OCD

A
  1. Depressed Mood
  2. Strict Code of Acceptability
  3. Dysfunctional Beliefs about responsibility
  4. Dysfunctional Beliefs about control of thoughts
38
Q

High activity of in Brain Findings in those with OCD

A
  1. Orbital Region
  2. Caudate Nuclei
  3. Thalamus
39
Q

OCD treatment

A

SSRI, ERP (exposure with response prevention)

40
Q

Body Dysmorphic Symptoms

A
  1. Essential feature is preoccupied with imagined defects in appearance in a normal-appearing person
  2. The person has performed repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to concerns
41
Q

BDD and OCD heritability

A

40%

42
Q

Acute Stress Disorder is when

A

The duration is a month

43
Q

PTSD Symptoms (4)

A
  1. Intrusive
  2. Avoidance
  3. Mood Change
  4. Increase in Arousal
44
Q

What can act as a buffer to prevent PTSD

A

Social Support and Hardiness

45
Q

PTSD treatment

A

Exposure therapy, Cognitive , Medication and Group Therapy

Abnormal Psych (8 decks)

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