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Abnormal Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prevalence of Major Depression?

A

16% Lifetime Prevalence

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2
Q

When is the onset of Major Depression

A

Late teens, early 20s

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3
Q

Symptom of Major Depression

A

Sad Affect, Anhedonia, Weight Changes, Sleep Disturbance, Psychomotor Changes, Loss of Energy, Feeling of Worthlessness, Difficulty Focusing, Suicidal Thoughts

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4
Q

Anhedonia

A

Loss of interest or loss of pleasure in usual activities

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5
Q

Psychomotor Changes Examples

A

Agitated, Fidgeting, Visible slowing down

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6
Q

What are the 2 symptoms an Individual must needs 1 of to have to be diagnosed with depression

A

Sadness or Anhedonia

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7
Q

What is the total amount of symptoms needed to be diagnosed with depression

A

5

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8
Q

What is the minimum duration of these symptoms

A

2 weeks

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9
Q

Average Duration before Getting Help

A

5-9 months

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10
Q

How many people will have a 2nd episode in their life

A

40-50%

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11
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

Combination of chronic depressive disorder and dysthymia

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12
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder Symptoms

A

Depressed for most of the day most days, for 2 years

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13
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Depression Mania Alterate

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14
Q

Bipolar Prevalence

A

1% of the US

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15
Q

Average age of onset for Bipolar

A

18 years old

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16
Q

What percentage of people with Bipolar make a suicide attempt

A

25%

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17
Q

Depression in Bipolar

A

Shorter, Mild, More Frequent

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18
Q

Mania

A

Depends, may last days - months

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19
Q

Mania Symptoms

A

Elevated, Euphoric, Irritable, Increase in activity, Rapid Speech, Racing thoughts, Decreased need for sleep, Inflated self esteem, distractibility and impulsive

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20
Q

Minimum Duration of Bipolar

A

One Week

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21
Q

What does 5-HTT do

A

Brains production of serotonin, carries it from one gene to the next

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22
Q

What theory is connected to Norepinephrine

A

Catecholamines Theory

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23
Q

A low amount of norepinephrine results in

A

Unipolar Depression

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24
Q

Too much Norepinephrine results in

A

Bipolar disorder

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25
What theory is connected to Serotonin
Indolamean Theory
26
Low serotonin levels cause
Mania and Depression
27
Permissive Hypothesis
Depletion of serotonin promotes or omits norepinephrine levels
28
What is Dopamine
Important in the reward system of the brain, feelings of pleasure, motivation, and energy
29
Amygdala
Almond-shaped structure, involved in perceiving a threat, directing attention, and expressing negative emotions/memories
30
What do scans indicate
Activity and blood flow are 50% greater in this area among those who have depression
31
Hippocampus
Learning, memory, helps control reaction to stress
32
What does prolonged depression do to the hippocampus
This leads to a decrease in the hippocampal value
33
What important role does the endocrine system play
Regulates person's response to stress
34
What do increased cortisol levels do
Prepare to respond to stress
35
When do levels of cortisol increase
Sharply and for 30-40 mins after people wake up
36
What are normal Variations of Cortisol
Higher During the week, Lower During the weekend
37
Beck's Theory
Depression is the result of the tendency to interpret everyday events is a negative way
38
Selective Perception
See only the negative features of an event
39
Magnification
Exaggerate the importance of undesirable events
40
Personalization
Incorrectly pointing to yourself as a cause for negative events
41
Negative Cognitive Triad
The tendency to make cognitive errors in thinking negatively about themselves, their world, and their future
42
Learned helplessness
Believed that depression is a result of feeling helpless and having a lack of control
43
Attribution
Explanation for events
44
Internal vs External Attribution
My fault I failed vs. I failed because of the teacher
45
Stable vs. Unstable Attributions
I mess everything up vs I did not study enough but I can turn this around
46
Global vs Specific Attribution
I am going to fail all tests vs. Only had trouble with one
47
Hopelessness Depression Cause
Is the expectation of hopelessness
48
4 Interpersonal Problem Areas
1. Interpersonal Loss (experience death of a parent, death of a spouse) 2. Interpersonal Role Dipute 3. Interpersonal Role Transition (Retirement, baby, marriage) 4. Interpersonal Deficits (Shy people lacking social skills)
49
When do Gender Differences Emerge for MDD
13-15 years old
50
5 Explanation for Gender Differences
1. Artifact Theory (false result and observation) 2. Hormone Explanation 3. Life-Stressor Theory (maybe women are more stressed) 4. Lack of control theory (Women feel less control of their live) 5. Cognitive Vulnerability
51
Beck's Cognitive Therapy
Increasing pleasurable activities (Unipolar treatment)
52
Behavioral Action Therapy
Increasing participation in things that use to bring joy
53
3 Antidepressant Categories
1. MAO Inhibitors 2. Tricyclics 3. Selective Serotonin Re-up-take inhibitors
54
What is best treatment while taking antidepressants
Therapy and Meds
55
ECT therapy
Sends current through the brain to create a seizure, 6-12 treatmednts
56
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Electromagnetic coil is placed against the scalp
57
Most common drug for bipolar
Lithium
58
Anxiety
Apprehension over anticipated problem
59
Specific Phobia 4 Criteria
1. Intense fear of object, situation, must be out of proportion to the actual threat 2. Avoidance of phobic stimulus 3. Symptoms persist for 6 months 4. Fear needs to cause significant distress or impairment
60

Abnormal Psych (8 decks)

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