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Abnormal Psych > Abnormal Unit 2 > Flashcards

Abnormal Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the prevalence of Major Depression?

A

16% Lifetime Prevalence

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2
Q

When is the onset of Major Depression

A

Late teens, early 20s

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3
Q

Symptom of Major Depression

A

Sad Affect, Anhedonia, Weight Changes, Sleep Disturbance, Psychomotor Changes, Loss of Energy, Feeling of Worthlessness, Difficulty Focusing, Suicidal Thoughts

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4
Q

Anhedonia

A

Loss of interest or loss of pleasure in usual activities

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5
Q

Psychomotor Changes Examples

A

Agitated, Fidgeting, Visible slowing down

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6
Q

What are the 2 symptoms an Individual must needs 1 of to have to be diagnosed with depression

A

Sadness or Anhedonia

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7
Q

What is the total amount of symptoms needed to be diagnosed with depression

A

5

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8
Q

What is the minimum duration of these symptoms

A

2 weeks

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9
Q

Average Duration before Getting Help

A

5-9 months

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10
Q

How many people will have a 2nd episode in their life

A

40-50%

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11
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

Combination of chronic depressive disorder and dysthymia

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12
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder Symptoms

A

Depressed for most of the day most days, for 2 years

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13
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Depression Mania Alterate

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14
Q

Bipolar Prevalence

A

1% of the US

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15
Q

Average age of onset for Bipolar

A

18 years old

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16
Q

What percentage of people with Bipolar make a suicide attempt

A

25%

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17
Q

Depression in Bipolar

A

Shorter, Mild, More Frequent

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18
Q

Mania

A

Depends, may last days - months

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19
Q

Mania Symptoms

A

Elevated, Euphoric, Irritable, Increase in activity, Rapid Speech, Racing thoughts, Decreased need for sleep, Inflated self esteem, distractibility and impulsive

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20
Q

Minimum Duration of Bipolar

A

One Week

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21
Q

What does 5-HTT do

A

Brains production of serotonin, carries it from one gene to the next

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22
Q

What theory is connected to Norepinephrine

A

Catecholamines Theory

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23
Q

A low amount of norepinephrine results in

A

Unipolar Depression

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24
Q

Too much Norepinephrine results in

A

Bipolar disorder

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25
Q

What theory is connected to Serotonin

A

Indolamean Theory

26
Q

Low serotonin levels cause

A

Mania and Depression

27
Q

Permissive Hypothesis

A

Depletion of serotonin promotes or omits norepinephrine levels

28
Q

What is Dopamine

A

Important in the reward system of the brain, feelings of pleasure, motivation, and energy

29
Q

Amygdala

A

Almond-shaped structure, involved in perceiving a threat, directing attention, and expressing negative emotions/memories

30
Q

What do scans indicate

A

Activity and blood flow are 50% greater in this area among those who have depression

31
Q

Hippocampus

A

Learning, memory, helps control reaction to stress

32
Q

What does prolonged depression do to the hippocampus

A

This leads to a decrease in the hippocampal value

33
Q

What important role does the endocrine system play

A

Regulates person’s response to stress

34
Q

What do increased cortisol levels do

A

Prepare to respond to stress

35
Q

When do levels of cortisol increase

A

Sharply and for 30-40 mins after people wake up

36
Q

What are normal Variations of Cortisol

A

Higher During the week, Lower During the weekend

37
Q

Beck’s Theory

A

Depression is the result of the tendency to interpret everyday events is a negative way

38
Q

Selective Perception

A

See only the negative features of an event

39
Q

Magnification

A

Exaggerate the importance of undesirable events

40
Q

Personalization

A

Incorrectly pointing to yourself as a cause for negative events

41
Q

Negative Cognitive Triad

A

The tendency to make cognitive errors in thinking negatively about themselves, their world, and their future

42
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Believed that depression is a result of feeling helpless and having a lack of control

43
Q

Attribution

A

Explanation for events

44
Q

Internal vs External Attribution

A

My fault I failed vs. I failed because of the teacher

45
Q

Stable vs. Unstable Attributions

A

I mess everything up vs I did not study enough but I can turn this around

46
Q

Global vs Specific Attribution

A

I am going to fail all tests vs. Only had trouble with one

47
Q

Hopelessness Depression Cause

A

Is the expectation of hopelessness

48
Q

4 Interpersonal Problem Areas

A
  1. Interpersonal Loss (experience death of a parent, death of a spouse)
  2. Interpersonal Role Dipute
  3. Interpersonal Role Transition (Retirement, baby, marriage)
  4. Interpersonal Deficits (Shy people lacking social skills)
49
Q

When do Gender Differences Emerge for MDD

A

13-15 years old

50
Q

5 Explanation for Gender Differences

A
  1. Artifact Theory (false result and observation)
  2. Hormone Explanation
  3. Life-Stressor Theory (maybe women are more stressed)
  4. Lack of control theory (Women feel less control of their live)
  5. Cognitive Vulnerability
51
Q

Beck’s Cognitive Therapy

A

Increasing pleasurable activities (Unipolar treatment)

52
Q

Behavioral Action Therapy

A

Increasing participation in things that use to bring joy

53
Q

3 Antidepressant Categories

A
  1. MAO Inhibitors
  2. Tricyclics
  3. Selective Serotonin Re-up-take inhibitors
54
Q

What is best treatment while taking antidepressants

A

Therapy and Meds

55
Q

ECT therapy

A

Sends current through the brain to create a seizure, 6-12 treatmednts

56
Q

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

A

Electromagnetic coil is placed against the scalp

57
Q

Most common drug for bipolar

A

Lithium

58
Q

Anxiety

A

Apprehension over anticipated problem

59
Q

Specific Phobia 4 Criteria

A
  1. Intense fear of object, situation, must be out of proportion to the actual threat
  2. Avoidance of phobic stimulus
  3. Symptoms persist for 6 months
  4. Fear needs to cause significant distress or impairment
60
Q
A

Abnormal Psych (8 decks)

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