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USAHS Methods II > Unit 2: Cryotherapy > Flashcards

Unit 2: Cryotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Cryotherapy

A

“Cold” Therapy
-Used for treatment of acute injures or trauma by applying a substance to lower or withdraw heat from body tissue
-Therapeutically, superficial cold techniques effect tissue to depths of 1-2 cm

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2
Q

Biophysical Responses to Cryotherapy

A

-Hemodynamic
-Metabolic

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3
Q

Hemodynamic Response (Biophysical Responses to Cryotherapy)

A

The tissue undergoes vasoconstriction with vessels constricting

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4
Q

Metabolic Response (Biophysical Responses to Cryotherapy)

A

Tissue expending less amount of energy and decreasing the amount of inflammation during the healing process

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5
Q

Transmission of Cooling

A

-Conduction: Direct contact to the tissue surface (ex. cold pack)
-Evaporation: When liquid is changed to gas (ex. cold sprays (ethyl chloride)
-Convection: Cold whirlpool

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6
Q

Superficial Cooling is most often used to treat…

A

-Neuromuscular Conditions
-Musculoskeltal Conditions
-Acute Injuries

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7
Q

Temperature changes and biophysical effects are related to…

A

-Time of exposure
-Method used to cool tissue
-Conductivity of tissue (Type of tissue)
-Depth of tissue

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8
Q

Use and Effects of Cryotherapy

A

-Inflammation Control
-Edema Control
-Pain Control
-Modification of Spasticity
-Cryostretch

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9
Q

Inflammation Control

A

-Control acute inflammation and accelerate recovery from tissue trauma
-Decrease blood flow and capillary permeability
-Decrease temperature
-Impede movement of fluid from capillaries to interstitial spaces
-Decrease pain

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10
Q

Edema Control

A

-Edema is associated with acute inflammation
RICE
-R:est
-I:ce
-C:ompression
-E:levation
(not as effective with edema caused by immobilization or poor circulation

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11
Q

Lowered tissue temperature provides (Pain Control)

A

Analgesic effect (decreased nerve conduction velocity)

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12
Q

Increased pain threshold (Pain Control)

A

Blocks transmission of painful stimuli to higher centers of brain

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13
Q

Pain Control

A

-Interrupts pain-spasm-pain cycle
-Alleviates underling problem causing pain (inflammation)

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14
Q

Modification of Spasticity

A

-Decreased gamma motor neuron activity
-Decreased afferent spindle and gogli tendon
organ activity
-Temporary effect: 30 minute application = 60 minute effect (allows time for therapeutic intervention)

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15
Q

Sequence of cooling/what the patient will feel…

A

COLD > BURNING > ACHING > NUMB
-Intense Cold with skin reddening (hyperemia)
-Burning sensation
-Deep Aching feeling
-Analgesia (10-20 minutes) Numbness

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16
Q

Treatment Variables

A

-Time 5 minutes to 45 minutes
-Depth of penetration to be achieved } Client tolerance
-Amount of adipose tissue, fluid
-Location of targeted tissue

17
Q

Types of Cryotherapy

A

-Commercial cold packs
-Ice Packs, ice bags, crushed ice
-“Slush” ice (part alcohol and water)
-Ice Massage
-Cold Ice Water Immersion Baths
-Ice Towels
-Cold Compression Unit
-Vapocoolant Spray

18
Q

Advantages of Cold/Ice Packs

A

-Conform to affected area
-Can target large areas and multiple sites
-Can combine with elevation
-Can hold in place with ace wrap or compression
wrap
-Average treatment time: 10-20 minutes with close monitoring of the skin

19
Q

Advantages of Ice Massage

A

-Used most often to anesthetize localized areas
-Medium Used: Ice cubes, Frozen water (paper cups), Commercial Unit
-Treatment Time: 5-10 minutes or analgesia

20
Q

Purpose of Vapocoolant Sprays

A

-Intended for topical use to cause a chemical reaction which cools skin
-Affect superficial layers of the skin and help with reducing muscle spams and pain.
-Often used for sports injuries.

21
Q

Indications for use of Cryotherapy

A

-Acute injury inflammation – most common } Edema
-Post exercise edema and pain
-Arthritic flare
-Musculoskeletal conditions
-Acute bursitis or tendonitis
-Spasticity
-Pain secondary to muscle spasm

22
Q

Precautions/Contraindications for Cryotherapy

A

-Cold hypersensitivity (urticaria)
-Cold intolerance
-Cryoglobulinemia
-Raynaud’s Phenomenon
-Application over regenerating peripheral nerve
-Application over area with circulatory compromise or peripheral vascular disease
-Frostbite

23
Q

Cold Hypersensitivity

A

-Vascular skin reaction
-Slightly elevated patches (reddened or paler than surrounding skin)
-Decreased blood pressure
-Syncope
-Severe itching

24
Q

Cold Intolerance

A

-Severe pain
-Numbness
-Color changes
-Hypersensitivity

25
Q

Cryoglobulinemia

A

-Uncommon
-Abormal blood protein
-Idiopathic or associated with multiple
myeloma, systemic lupus, RA
-Blood in urine
-May result in ischemia/gangrene

26
Q

Raynauds Disease

A

-Disease: Idiopathic
-Phenomenon: (more common) cyanosis due to some other disorder
-Characterized by sudden pallor and cyanosis followed by redness of the skin of the digits
-Precipitated by cold or emotional stress

27
Q

Precautions for Cryotherapy

A

-Open wounds
-Patients with hypertension
-Patients with poor sensation and mentation
-The very young or very old

28
Q

Adverse Effects of Cryotherapy

A

-Tissue Death
-Frostbite
-Nerve Damage

29
Q

Sequence of Events for Application of Cryotherapy

A

-Assess patient (set treatment goals)
-Determine if cryotherapy is appropriate
-Determine if contraindicated
-Select appropriate cooling agent
-Explain to patient: Purpose, Procedure and Expected sensation
-Apply appropriate cooling agent
-Assess outcome of treatment
-Documentation

30
Q

Documentation

A

-Area of body treated
-Type of cooling agent
-Treatment duration
-Patient position
-Response to treatment

31
Q

Types of questions the therapist should ask a patient
to determine whether contraindications for cryotherapy were present?

A

-Do you have any nerve damage in this area?
-Do you have any numbness or tingling in the
limb?
-Frost bite
-Ryanauds
-Hypersensitivity
TEST SENSATION

32
Q

Cold should NOT be applied to regenerating peripheral nerves. Why?…………

A
33
Q

Cryotherapy should NOT be applied to an area with impaired circulation

A

USAHS Methods II (5 decks)

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