Unit 2: Crime and The Law Flashcards
What are the 5 categories of crime?
- Non-sexual crimes of violence
- Sexual Crimes
- Crimes of dishonesty
- Damage and Reckless Behaviour
- Crimes against society
What is a non-sexual crime of violence and give a statistic of it
- Murder, attempted murder, serious assault
- Accounted for 24% of all crimes recorded in Scotland 2021-22
What is a sexual crime and give a statistic of it
- Rape, sexual assault, attempted rape
- Made up 5% of all recorded crimes in Scotland in 2021-22
What is a crime of dishonesty and give a statistic of it
- Housebreaking, fraud, other theft
- Made up 32% of all recorded crimes in Scotland in 2021-22
What is a damage and reckless behaviour crime and give a statistic of it
- Fire raising, vandalism
- Made up 15% of all recorded crimes in Scotland in 2021-22
What is a crime against society and give a statistic of it
- Possession of drugs or illegal weapon
- Made up 21% of all recorded crimes in Scotland in 2021-22
What is an economic cause of crime? (E)
- Social exclusion
- the act of making certain groups in society feel isolated and unimportant
- young people aged 12-13 excluded from school commit petty crimes due to boredom
- Half of the uk prison population ran from home as a child compared to 11% of the general population
What is a social cause of crime? (U)
- Upbringing
- Children who are brought up in substance-abusing households
- They are deprived of love and attention cashing them to feel a lack of empathy
- More likely to be involved with gangs, substance abuse, shoplifting and vandalism
What is a biological cause of crime? (G)
- Genetics
- People believe some are just born as criminals
- It is claimed people have a “warrior gene” (MAOA gene) which possessors are more likely to experience higher levels of aggression if provoked
- Those with the gene are 13x more likely to have a history of repeated violent behaviour
What is an impact crime can have on a victim? (S)
- Social
- It may effect there relationships from lack of confidence
- They might not want to go outside
- A victim of a burglary may not want to leave the house incase it happens again
What is an impact crime can have on a victim? (P)
- Physical
- May be bruised or have broken bones
- May be left with mental conditions like stress or depression
- A victim of a stabbing may be unable to move without feeling intense pain
What is an impact crime can have on a perpetrator? (S)
- Social
- Can loose touch with family and relatives
- Those given a prison sentence can lose contact with loved ones
- Those who commit a white collar crime can be shunned by friends, family, and colleagues
What is an impact crime can have on a perpetrator ? (P)
- Physical
- a high amount of prisoners face drug abuse inside the prison
- Mental health may be affected with self harming a common issue
- Some prisoners enter prisons clean and then leave with addictions
What is an impact crime can have on a community? (S)
- Social
- Poor health due to significant levels of drug and alcohol abuse
- Decreased education standards due to concerning discipline levels and attendance
- Drumchapel is one of the biggest effective places in Glasgow socially by significant crime rates
What is an impact crime can have on a community? (F)
- Financial
- Communities can recieve a bad reputation due to crime rates
- Companies and businesses don’t want to settle in such areas causing a lack of job opportunities
- Auchinleck is a community which is heavily effected by this
What is an impact crime can have on a wider society? (F)
- Financial
- Paying for police courts and prisons is expensive
- The NHS has to spend money to treat drug addicts and victims to violent crimes
- On average, it costs the British taxpayer £32,000 a year to keep someone in prison
What is an impact crime can have on a wider society? (P)
- Physical
- The environment of poor areas may be run down due to crime
- Vandalism and arson can make certain areas look really unwelcoming
- On the 25th of September 2023, Ayr’s Station Hotel was burned down causing the area to look depreciated
Describe, in detail, the role of the police. (A)
- Arrest and detain
- They have the power to detain or arrest and charge anyone who breaks the law
- They can also detain anyone who they have reasonable doubt and evidence that they have committed a crime
- The police arrested 3 individuals for the station hotel fire
Describe, in detail, the role of the police. (R)
- Respond to emergencies
- If an urgent crime has been committed the police will respond immediately
- If a stabbing is underway it is there duty to track the criminal and arrest them
- On the 25th of October 2023, two men were jailed for serious organised crime offences in Glasgow
Describe, in detail, two divisions of the police in scotland. (T)
- Traffic department
- Have a range of responsibilities including dealing with accidents or escorting emergencies or VIP’s
- The officers have to be skilled drivers and must take special courses to be able to drive at high speeds
- The police in Lanarkshire arrested a 52 year old man for dangerous driving as his car hit 3 children on a pedestrian crossing
Describe, in detail, two divisions of the police in scotland. (M)
- Mounted police
- They’re called for mostly crowd control duties
- They’re also deployed while searching areas such as moorland or fields
- They’re common to find outside Hampden Park for football matches and concerts
Describe, in detail, two ways in which police tackle crime in scotland. (C)
- Community policing
- Officers are deployed in local areas and communities.
- They are meant to provide a recognisable and trusted face in which people can receive advice from and report crime
- In East Ayrshire, community policing has be used to deminish anti-social behaviour through working with businesses and parents
Describe, in detail, two ways in which police tackle crime in scotland. (V)
- CCTV
- Closed Circuit Television which is employed in areas with no neighbourhood watch or not often police on patrol routes
- it relays images back to police headquarters
- there’s over 3000 cctv cameras used in scotland by law enforcement
Explain, in detail, two reasons why some people believe the police are effective at tackling crime. (#)
- # notmyfriend campaign
- Helps stop and prevent online child absue
- helps to rehabilitate offenders and prevent reoffending
- an offender was able to rehabilitate and take town offensive websites with help of the police
Explain, in detail, two reasons why some people believe the police are effective at tackling crime. (D)
- summer drink/ drug driving campaign
- meant to reduce the significant problem during summers which was drink/ drug driving
- the police had high focuses on traffic patrol and stopping cars
- 295 offenders were detected making roads safer
Describe, in detail, two government responses to crime. (S)
- SVRU
- Scottish Violence Reduction Unit which looks at the roots of crime to prevent it
- Treat crime as a curable disease and help rehabilitate those involved with violent crimes by giving someone to talk to
- murder rates went down in glasgow by 60% since 2010
Describe, in detail, two government responses to crime. (K)
- No Knives, Better Lives
- prevent knife carrier’s from taking them out into the public
- Educating potential offenders the consequences and catastrophic effect of carrying a knife
- Between 2011 and 2016, nobody under the age of 20 died in an incident involving a knife in galsgow
How much crimes were committed in 2021-2022?
286,464
Sexual crimes have increased __% in the last 10 years
96
3 reason why crime statistics should be treated with caution
- only crimes reported to the police are recorded because people can’t boe bothered reporting petty crimes as police barely respond
- Reporting crime has increased not crime rates
- Some crew are likely to be reported more
Explain, in detail, the different types of criminal courts there are in Scotland. (J)
- Justice of the Peace Court
- These courts hear cases dealing with less serious offences
- There is not a jury at this type of court
- They can send someone to prison for up to 60 days
Explain, in detail, the different types of criminal courts there are in Scotland. (S)
- Sherrif Court
- Made up of 2 different types of proceedings - solemn and summary
- Depending on what type of proceeding is taking place, the maximum sentencing can vary
- Criminal cases in the sheriffs court deal with more serious cases including: theft, assault, and possession of drugs
Explain, in detail, the different types of criminal courts there are in Scotland. (H)
- High Court of the Justiciary
- The High Court sits in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Aberdeen
- It deals with the most serious cases, including rape and murder cases.
- Trials are heard by a judge and jury and the judge decides the sentence with no boundaries
Name a type of non-custodial sentencing. (P)
- Community Payback Order
- An alternative to a custodial sentence which can be made up from multiple parts.
- It requires individual to pay back to their communities for their crime
- They can be made to do 300 hours unpaid work for the community or many other forms of rehabilitation based exercises
Name a type of non-custodial sentencing. (C)
- Compensation order
- This is an order which makes the offender pay money to the victim of their crime
- The offenders pay the money to the court who then pays the victim.
- If offenders do not keep up with payments then they can be sent to prison or a detention centre based on their age
Name a type of non-custodial sentencing. (F)
- Fine
- The offender must pay money to the court within a certain time frame.
- The maximum amount the court can set a fine is based on what court the case is heard in.
- The sheriff court (summary) can fine up to £10000
What are advantages/ disadvantages of non-custodial sentences? (R)
- More successful rehabilitation rates
- the number of people who reoffend after complete long a non-custodial sentence is lower than prison
- the convict is more likely to be able to get their life back on track
- A 2007 review of over 100 studies globally indicates that non-custodial sentences are associated with lower reoffending rates
Look at childrens hearing system
- Cant be arsed making flashcards on them
- Page 50+ green crime and the law booklet
