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X Nat5 Modern Studies > Unit 2: Crime and The Law > Flashcards

Unit 2: Crime and The Law Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 categories of crime?

A
  • Non-sexual crimes of violence
  • Sexual Crimes
  • Crimes of dishonesty
  • Damage and Reckless Behaviour
  • Crimes against society
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2
Q

What is a non-sexual crime of violence and give a statistic of it

A
  • Murder, attempted murder, serious assault
  • Accounted for 24% of all crimes recorded in Scotland 2021-22
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3
Q

What is a sexual crime and give a statistic of it

A
  • Rape, sexual assault, attempted rape
  • Made up 5% of all recorded crimes in Scotland in 2021-22
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4
Q

What is a crime of dishonesty and give a statistic of it

A
  • Housebreaking, fraud, other theft
  • Made up 32% of all recorded crimes in Scotland in 2021-22
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5
Q

What is a damage and reckless behaviour crime and give a statistic of it

A
  • Fire raising, vandalism
  • Made up 15% of all recorded crimes in Scotland in 2021-22
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6
Q

What is a crime against society and give a statistic of it

A
  • Possession of drugs or illegal weapon
  • Made up 21% of all recorded crimes in Scotland in 2021-22
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7
Q

What is an economic cause of crime? (E)

A
  • Social exclusion
  • the act of making certain groups in society feel isolated and unimportant
  • young people aged 12-13 excluded from school commit petty crimes due to boredom
  • Half of the uk prison population ran from home as a child compared to 11% of the general population
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8
Q

What is a social cause of crime? (U)

A
  • Upbringing
  • Children who are brought up in substance-abusing households
  • They are deprived of love and attention cashing them to feel a lack of empathy
  • More likely to be involved with gangs, substance abuse, shoplifting and vandalism
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9
Q

What is a biological cause of crime? (G)

A
  • Genetics
  • People believe some are just born as criminals
  • It is claimed people have a “warrior gene” (MAOA gene) which possessors are more likely to experience higher levels of aggression if provoked
  • Those with the gene are 13x more likely to have a history of repeated violent behaviour
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10
Q

What is an impact crime can have on a victim? (S)

A
  • Social
  • It may effect there relationships from lack of confidence
  • They might not want to go outside
  • A victim of a burglary may not want to leave the house incase it happens again
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11
Q

What is an impact crime can have on a victim? (P)

A
  • Physical
  • May be bruised or have broken bones
  • May be left with mental conditions like stress or depression
  • A victim of a stabbing may be unable to move without feeling intense pain
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12
Q

What is an impact crime can have on a perpetrator? (S)

A
  • Social
  • Can loose touch with family and relatives
  • Those given a prison sentence can lose contact with loved ones
  • Those who commit a white collar crime can be shunned by friends, family, and colleagues
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13
Q

What is an impact crime can have on a perpetrator ? (P)

A
  • Physical
  • a high amount of prisoners face drug abuse inside the prison
  • Mental health may be affected with self harming a common issue
  • Some prisoners enter prisons clean and then leave with addictions
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14
Q

What is an impact crime can have on a community? (S)

A
  • Social
  • Poor health due to significant levels of drug and alcohol abuse
  • Decreased education standards due to concerning discipline levels and attendance
  • Drumchapel is one of the biggest effective places in Glasgow socially by significant crime rates
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15
Q

What is an impact crime can have on a community? (F)

A
  • Financial
  • Communities can recieve a bad reputation due to crime rates
  • Companies and businesses don’t want to settle in such areas causing a lack of job opportunities
  • Auchinleck is a community which is heavily effected by this
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16
Q

What is an impact crime can have on a wider society? (F)

A
  • Financial
  • Paying for police courts and prisons is expensive
  • The NHS has to spend money to treat drug addicts and victims to violent crimes
  • On average, it costs the British taxpayer £32,000 a year to keep someone in prison
17
Q

What is an impact crime can have on a wider society? (P)

A
  • Physical
  • The environment of poor areas may be run down due to crime
  • Vandalism and arson can make certain areas look really unwelcoming
  • On the 25th of September 2023, Ayr’s Station Hotel was burned down causing the area to look depreciated
18
Q

Describe, in detail, the role of the police. (A)

A
  • Arrest and detain
  • They have the power to detain or arrest and charge anyone who breaks the law
  • They can also detain anyone who they have reasonable doubt and evidence that they have committed a crime
  • The police arrested 3 individuals for the station hotel fire
19
Q

Describe, in detail, the role of the police. (R)

A
  • Respond to emergencies
  • If an urgent crime has been committed the police will respond immediately
  • If a stabbing is underway it is there duty to track the criminal and arrest them
  • On the 25th of October 2023, two men were jailed for serious organised crime offences in Glasgow
20
Q

Describe, in detail, two divisions of the police in scotland. (T)

A
  • Traffic department
  • Have a range of responsibilities including dealing with accidents or escorting emergencies or VIP’s
  • The officers have to be skilled drivers and must take special courses to be able to drive at high speeds
  • The police in Lanarkshire arrested a 52 year old man for dangerous driving as his car hit 3 children on a pedestrian crossing
21
Q

Describe, in detail, two divisions of the police in scotland. (M)

A
  • Mounted police
  • They’re called for mostly crowd control duties
  • They’re also deployed while searching areas such as moorland or fields
  • They’re common to find outside Hampden Park for football matches and concerts
22
Q

Describe, in detail, two ways in which police tackle crime in scotland. (C)

A
  • Community policing
  • Officers are deployed in local areas and communities.
  • They are meant to provide a recognisable and trusted face in which people can receive advice from and report crime
  • In East Ayrshire, community policing has be used to deminish anti-social behaviour through working with businesses and parents
23
Q

Describe, in detail, two ways in which police tackle crime in scotland. (V)

A
  • CCTV
  • Closed Circuit Television which is employed in areas with no neighbourhood watch or not often police on patrol routes
  • it relays images back to police headquarters
  • there’s over 3000 cctv cameras used in scotland by law enforcement
24
Q

Explain, in detail, two reasons why some people believe the police are effective at tackling crime. (#)

A
  • # notmyfriend campaign
  • Helps stop and prevent online child absue
  • helps to rehabilitate offenders and prevent reoffending
  • an offender was able to rehabilitate and take town offensive websites with help of the police
25
Q

Explain, in detail, two reasons why some people believe the police are effective at tackling crime. (D)

A
  • summer drink/ drug driving campaign
  • meant to reduce the significant problem during summers which was drink/ drug driving
  • the police had high focuses on traffic patrol and stopping cars
  • 295 offenders were detected making roads safer
26
Q

Describe, in detail, two government responses to crime. (S)

A
  • SVRU
  • Scottish Violence Reduction Unit which looks at the roots of crime to prevent it
  • Treat crime as a curable disease and help rehabilitate those involved with violent crimes by giving someone to talk to
  • murder rates went down in glasgow by 60% since 2010
27
Q

Describe, in detail, two government responses to crime. (K)

A
  • No Knives, Better Lives
  • prevent knife carrier’s from taking them out into the public
  • Educating potential offenders the consequences and catastrophic effect of carrying a knife
  • Between 2011 and 2016, nobody under the age of 20 died in an incident involving a knife in galsgow
28
Q

How much crimes were committed in 2021-2022?

A

286,464

29
Q

Sexual crimes have increased __% in the last 10 years

A

96

30
Q

3 reason why crime statistics should be treated with caution

A
  • only crimes reported to the police are recorded because people can’t boe bothered reporting petty crimes as police barely respond
  • Reporting crime has increased not crime rates
  • Some crew are likely to be reported more
31
Q

Explain, in detail, the different types of criminal courts there are in Scotland. (J)

A
  • Justice of the Peace Court
  • These courts hear cases dealing with less serious offences
  • There is not a jury at this type of court
  • They can send someone to prison for up to 60 days
32
Q

Explain, in detail, the different types of criminal courts there are in Scotland. (S)

A
  • Sherrif Court
  • Made up of 2 different types of proceedings - solemn and summary
  • Depending on what type of proceeding is taking place, the maximum sentencing can vary
  • Criminal cases in the sheriffs court deal with more serious cases including: theft, assault, and possession of drugs
33
Q

Explain, in detail, the different types of criminal courts there are in Scotland. (H)

A
  • High Court of the Justiciary
  • The High Court sits in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Aberdeen
  • It deals with the most serious cases, including rape and murder cases.
  • Trials are heard by a judge and jury and the judge decides the sentence with no boundaries
34
Q

Name a type of non-custodial sentencing. (P)

A
  • Community Payback Order
  • An alternative to a custodial sentence which can be made up from multiple parts.
  • It requires individual to pay back to their communities for their crime
  • They can be made to do 300 hours unpaid work for the community or many other forms of rehabilitation based exercises
35
Q

Name a type of non-custodial sentencing. (C)

A
  • Compensation order
  • This is an order which makes the offender pay money to the victim of their crime
  • The offenders pay the money to the court who then pays the victim.
  • If offenders do not keep up with payments then they can be sent to prison or a detention centre based on their age
36
Q

Name a type of non-custodial sentencing. (F)

A
  • Fine
  • The offender must pay money to the court within a certain time frame.
  • The maximum amount the court can set a fine is based on what court the case is heard in.
  • The sheriff court (summary) can fine up to £10000
37
Q

What are advantages/ disadvantages of non-custodial sentences? (R)

A
  • More successful rehabilitation rates
  • the number of people who reoffend after complete long a non-custodial sentence is lower than prison
  • the convict is more likely to be able to get their life back on track
  • A 2007 review of over 100 studies globally indicates that non-custodial sentences are associated with lower reoffending rates
38
Q

Look at childrens hearing system

A
  • Cant be arsed making flashcards on them
  • Page 50+ green crime and the law booklet

X Nat5 Modern Studies (4 decks)

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