Unit 2 - Control And Regulation Flashcards
The brain is made up of several parts. Name them.
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Medulla, Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland.
What is required for survival of a multicellular organism?
Internal Communication.
What is the function of the cerebrum?
It controls conscious thought. (Personality, Memory, Creativity)
What is the function of the cerebellum?
It controls balance and muscle coordination.
What is the function of the medulla?
It controls breathing and heart rate.
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
It helps regulate the water content of the blood and body temperature.
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
It releases hormones (for example, ADH)
What does the HUMAN nervous system consist of?
The brain, the spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
What does the CENTRAL nervous system consist of?
The spinal cord and the brain only.
What is the purpose of peripheral nerves?
They enable responses to be made to various stimuli and take messages in the form of nerve impulses from the receptors to the CNS.
Where are nerve impulses received in order to sort out information?
The sensory area within the cerebrum.
What is the purpose of the motor area of the cerebrum?
It sends nerve impulses to effector cells in muscles which carry out some kind of response.
Name all 3 types of neurones.
Sensory, relay and motor neurones.
What do sensory neurones do?
They take nerve impulses from receptors to the CNS.
Where are relay neurones found and what is their function?
They are located within the CNS and relay nerve impulses from sensory neurones to motor neurones.
What is the function of motor neurones?
To take nerve impulses from the CNS to the effector cells in muscles.
What are reflex actions and what are they designed to do?
They are rapid, automatic reactions to a stimulus which don’t require conscious thought. They are designed to protect the body from harm.
What is a synapse?
It is a microscopic gap between neurones in the reflex arc.
What is the purpose of a synapse?
It allows chemicals to transfer from one neurone to another.
Give 4 steps as to what would happen if someone was to come into contact with a very hot object.
- Pain receptors in the skin send a nerve impulse up the sensory neurone. 2. The relay neurone passes the impulse on to the motor neurone. 3. The motor neurone carries the impulse to the muscles in the part of the body in contact with the very hot object. 4. The muscles contract and move the part of the body away from the very hot object.
What are hormones?
They are chemical messengers which are releases into the bloodstream by glands known as endocrine glands. They travel in the blood and target tissues which are affected by specific hormones.
Describe the speed of nervous control.
It is in the form of electrical impulses along nerves to it is a fast response.
Describe the speed of hormonal control.
It is by chemicals being transported in the bloodstream and is slower than nervous control.
Label the parts of the body labelled A, B and C.
A = Brain
B= Central Nervous System
C = Spinal Cord
