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History - 8th grade > Unit 2 - Constitution and Westward Expansion > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Constitution and Westward Expansion Flashcards

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1
Q

Double Jeopardy

A
  • you can only be tried once per crime
  • once proven innocent you can admit to the crime and not be punished because the case closed
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2
Q

Self Incrimination

A
  • you cannot self-incriminate
  • plead the 5th
    • don’t say anything that could be used against you in court
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3
Q

Slander vs. Libel

A
  • both rumors that are untrue
  • slander is spoken
  • libel is written
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4
Q

Articles of Confederation

A
  • first attempt at a constitution
  • during the revolution
    - weak colonial/stat gov –> no say
    - Need to centralize gov
    - not too strong, but necessary
    - needed to keep promises
    - National gov power < state gov power
    - not united
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5
Q

Federalists

A
  • believed in the constitution
  • lived in coastal areas
  • worked in commerce
    wants:
  • strong and stable federal gov established
  • more international trade
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6
Q

Anti-Federalists

A
  • believed the constitution didn’t give barriers against potential abuse of fed gov
  • lived in rural areas
  • thought that fed gov was far from their beliefs
    wants:
  • favored more power to the state govs
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7
Q

Bicameral

A

2 houses or branches

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8
Q

Electoral College

A
  • electoral vote- based or members of congress (HR + Senate)
  • 55 votes in the beginning (amt of ppl @ convention)
    - ONLY politicians voted (not the rest of
    americans)
  • Popular vote - winner take all in the state
    gives pres. all of their
    electoral votes
    - except Maine + Nebraska
  • electors DONT HAVE to cast their vote as the popular votes leans
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9
Q

James Madison

A
  • was a nobody until the constitutional convention
  • took advantage of the ego in the room + studied up –> came with a plan
    - 600 printed pages of notes
  • “Father of the Constitution”
  • self-selected secretary of the convention
  • proposed 12 AMENDMENTS
    - only 10 approved (Bill of Rights)
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10
Q

George Washington

A
  • 1st president
  • owned slaves but was against it …?
  • good, natural leader
  • militia men commander (where he got his experience)
  • antifederalist
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11
Q

James K. Polk

A
  • President
  • only cared about expanding America
  • hired Taylor to provoke Santa Anna
    “American blood on American soil’
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12
Q

Zachary Taylor

A
  • sent to poke at Santa Anna to start the war
  • Military Leader
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13
Q

Mountain Men

A
  • went to the mountains for beaver pelts
  • hard job - solitary
  • 1/4 of men survived
    • Unfriendly native Americans
    • ephiram (grizzly bears)
    • Freeze to death
  • Rendezvous
  • left because fashion changed and beaver were going extinct and the fur became worth less
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14
Q

Pioneer (westward) Women

A
  • Claimable land and education available for them (not normal in america)
  • built towns
  • did dangerous jobs
  • were trailblazers - inspiring independent women
  • got more dominance + did domestic tasks
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15
Q

Mormons

A
  • treated Natives as EQUALS - friends - kept their relationships good
  • left buildings for others to use once they moved on
    - lived in a cluster - keep the culture
    alive
  • environmental friendly
  • Polygamy - men should have many wives
    - more wives the more God loves you
  • Joseph Smith + Brigham Young
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16
Q

Christian Missionaries

A
  • belief that Christianity will “civilize” the west
  • tried to convert Native Americans and mormons and protestants
  • Natives were FORCED to convert brutally
    • a whole town was burned down killing
      800 natives because they resisted
  • Natives became slaves to missionaries
  • Natives lost trust in Christians because they would do the opposite of what they preached
  • Whitman family
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17
Q

49ers

A
  • went west for GOLD
  • people from all over the WORLD came to California
    • reshaping California
    • changed the culture in California too
  • life was hard
    - panning for gold
    - high crime rates
    - not much housing or sanitation
    - easier to lose money because it was
    expensive to live there
  • 4 year long Gold Rush
  • most people would make more money not digging for gold and selling shovels, renting out housing, or selling their land because there was POSSIBLE gold on it
  • Levi Staus
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18
Q

Shays Rebellion

A
  • 1000 farmers revolt against bank
  • felt that they were cheated by the bank
  • angry –> kill, burn, attack the bank because of the loans
  • militia men needed help but no one came to help from other states –> U.S. was divided by states now
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19
Q

Constitutional Convention

A
  • May, 1787, Philadelphia
  • secret
  • meeting of the states
  • 55 delegates
    - all the same, “well bred, well fed, well
    wed”, 2/3 lawyers
  • 75% of the delegates were slave owners
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20
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

land Acquisition of white Americans expanding America

21
Q

Mexican Cession

A
  • Border dispute - nueces or rio Degrande
  • Zachary Taylor
  • James K. Polk
  • 18 mo later
    • mexico city fallen
    • Treaty of Guadalupe
      - Mexican Cession land is claimed
      - Ends the war w/ Mexico
      - $15 mil - “saving face” - lightened
      the blow of the loss of land
  1. gave us a start to railroad building
  2. gold on the land
22
Q

Assimilation (Americanization of Natives)

A
  • Converting Native Americans to a more white culture
  • Boarding school
  • Adoption
23
Q

Three Branches of Government

A
  1. Legislative
  2. Judicial
  3. Executive
    - none of them had more power over another
    - balanced (not monarchy like)
24
Q

Legeslative / House of Congress

A
  • bicameral legislature
    • house of representatives (based on
      population)
      - senate (based on equality)
25
Q

Judicial

A
  • Supreme court
26
Q

Excectutive

A
  • president
  • vice president
  • cabinet
27
Q

1st amendment

A

Freedom of speech, religion, petition, assembly, and press
- no rumors for speech and press + no threats
- PEACEFUL assembly
- religion cannot infringe on other religions

28
Q

2nd amendment

A

Bear arms
- you can own a gun
- reasons:
- hunt
- self-protection
- on case of the british

29
Q

3rd amendment

A

Quartering soldiers
- you can deny a soldier asking to stay in your home

30
Q

4th amendment

A

Search and seizure
- police need to follow certain procedures to arrest and search a house
- warrant needed to search a house
- to get a warrant evidence is needed
for a judge to approve

31
Q

5th amendment

A

Due process of law
- Double jeopardy
- grand jury
- self incrimination
- Due process
- Just compensation

32
Q

6th amendment

A
  • Speedy + fair trial
  • witness council
  • jury present
33
Q

7th amendment

A

Jury for civil suits
- right to a jury being present for someone suing for over $20
- civil case (suing for $) NOT CRIMINAL

34
Q

8th amendment

A

Cruel and unusual punishment
3 Clauses
- Excessive bail
- Excessive Fines
- cruel and unusual punishments

35
Q

9th amendment

A

Non enumerated rights
- still our rights even if not enumerated

36
Q

10th amendment

A

Rights to states and people

37
Q

Veto

A

ability to deny an idea

38
Q

impeachment

A

initiates charges against a person in office
- kicks them out of office if fully pursued

39
Q

judicial review

A

supreme court can take an active role in making sure all branches of government abide by the constitution

40
Q

William patterson

A
  • federalist
  • senate
  • Co-writer for the NJ Plan - wanted unicameral
  • signed the constitution
41
Q

Roger Sherman

A

proposed the great compromise to senate
- senate of connecticut
- federalist

42
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

A

ended the war between US and Mexico
- Mexico ceded 55% of its territory
all claims to Texas have been given up by mexico

43
Q

Checks and Balances

A

Law to balance out Government
- no one branch gets too powerful
- branches can veto other branches
- branches all have to agree on new laws

44
Q

Federalism

A

belief in the constitution and that the US needs to be united under one set of laws

45
Q

Land Aquisition

A
  1. louisiana purchase
  2. Florida purchase
  3. texas annex
  4. oregon claims
  5. Mexican cession
  6. Gadsden purchase
46
Q

Lewis and Clark

A

explored the louisiana purchase land for the government
- bombarded native American groups
–> Natives thought that’s what all
Americans were like

47
Q

Industrial revolution

A

America started using machines to do laborious work instead of by hand
1760-1840

48
Q

Living Document

A

a document that can be amended to
Ex: the constitution

History - 8th grade (4 decks)

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