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iGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 > Unit 2 Communication And Internet Technologies > Flashcards

Unit 2 Communication And Internet Technologies Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe serial data transmission

A
  • Most reliable
  • Data is sent one bit at a time down a single wire
  • Bits are kept separate and low chance of data being skewed
  • Used in USB
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2
Q

Describe parallel data transmission

A
  • Data is sent multiple bits at a time down multiple wires
  • Quite fast used integrated circuits
  • Used short distance else high chance of data being skewed
  • Data sent from computer to printer
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3
Q

Synchronous and Asynchronous data transmission

A
  • Synchronous- data transmitted as a continuous stream, ensures data send and received are in sync
  • Asynchronous- data transmitted in an agreed pattern using control bits, stops data from being mixed up
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4
Q

Describe USB

A
  • Asynchronous serial data transmission
  • When plugged in computer, automatically detected, device driver is loaded and communication can occur

Advantages-

  • Can’t be inserted incorrectly
  • Supports different transmission speeds
  • Backward compatible
  • Robust and portable
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5
Q

Describe integrated circuits

A

-Uses parallel data transmission
-IC require high speed
Internal clock used to correct timing of data making it synchronised
-Uses many wires

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6
Q

Simplex, duplex, half-duplex

A

Simplex:
-Data transmission in only one direction

Duplex
-Data transmission both directions simultaneously

Half-duplex
-Data transmission both directions but not at the same time

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7
Q

Why choose serial over parallel

A
  • More accurate over long distance
  • Less chance of interference that will skew or distort data
  • Data will arrive in order
  • Cheaper to purchase/install/maintain
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8
Q

Why choose parallel over serial

A
  • Faster transmission speed
  • Can send lots of data at one go
  • More efficient short distances
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9
Q

Internet risks

A
  • Phishing
  • Pharming
  • Spyware
  • Hacking
  • Dos
  • Malware
  • Viruses
  • Worm
  • Rootkit
  • Backdoor
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10
Q

How to minimise risk of spyware

A

Anti-spyware

  • Scans computer for spyware
  • Removes/quarantines any spyware found
  • Prevent spyware from being installed

Onscreen keyboard

  • Key-logger can’t collect data of key press
  • Can’t relay useful info to 3rd party

2 Factor Authentication

  • Extra data sent to device
  • Harder for hacker to obtain data
  • Data has to be entered into same system if entered from remote location not accepted

Firewall

  • Can be software or hardware based
  • Monitors incoming and outgoing traffic
  • Allows criteria to be set
  • Blocks access to signal that do not meet criteria
  • Restricts access to specific applications
  • Can also blacklist certain IP addresses and close certain ports
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11
Q

How to minimise risk of virus

A

Anti-virus

  • Scans computer for viruses daily
  • Has a record of known viruses
  • Removes/Quarantines any virus found
  • Warns user of virus
  • Checks data before downloaded
  • Prevents download of virus found

Firewall/Proxy server

  • Monitors incoming and outgoing traffic
  • Allows setting of criteria
  • Checks if traffic meets criteria
  • Blocks traffic that does not meet criteria
  • Can also blacklist certain IP addresses and close certain ports
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12
Q

How to minimise risk of hacking

A

Firewall/Proxy server

  • Monitors incoming and outgoing traffic
  • Allows setting of criteria
  • Checks if traffic meets criteria
  • Blocks traffic that does not meet criteria
  • Can also blacklist certain IP addresses and close certain ports

Passwords

  • Use long and more random passwords
  • Change it regularly
  • Lock after a set attempts

Biometrics

  • Data needed to enter is unique to individual
  • Hard to replicate
  • Lock after set attempts

2 Factor Authentication

  • Extra data sent to device
  • Hard for hacker to obtain
  • Data entered needs to be in the same system, if attempted from remote location it’s not accepted
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13
Q

Describe Phishing and Pharming

A

Phishing
− Legitimate looking email sent to user
− encourages user to click a link that directs user to a fake website
− User encouraged to enter personal details into a fake website // designed
to obtain personal details from a user

Pharming
− Malicious code/malware is downloaded without users’ knowledge
− That re-directs user to fake website (when legitimate URL entered)
− User encouraged to enter personal details into a fake website
− Designed to obtain personal and sensitive details from a user

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14
Q

Role of a browser

A
  • Allows user to view web pages
  • Translates HTML into human readable language
  • Allows user to bookmark
  • Allows multiple features
  • Stores cookies
  • Has browsing history
  • Allows file to be downloaded from web
  • Manages HTTP/HTTPS protocols
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15
Q

Role of a ISP

A
  • Provides access to internet for customer
  • Can determine maximum bandwidth available for customers
  • Monitors volume of data downloaded by customers
  • Can provide an IP address for the customer
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16
Q

What is HTTPS

A
  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
  • It is a protocol/rules which must be followed when transmitting data over the World Wide Web
  • Secure version of HTTP
  • Secures website and data
  • Uses TSL/SSL, methods of encryption
17
Q

What is HTTP

A
  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol

- It is a protocol/rules which must be followed when transmitting data over the World Wide Web

18
Q

Describe HTML, structure and presentation

A

-Hyper text markup language, markup language

Structure

  • Placement of text/image
  • Margins
  • Line break
  • Padding

Presentation

  • Font colour
  • Font style
  • Background colour
  • Image size
  • Border properties
19
Q

Benefits of HTML

A
  • Can easily edit the style of the web page
  • So CSS can be used to create a template
  • Can add new content and apply same style easily
  • Can re-use the presentation style for other websites
20
Q

Describe how a cookie works and privacy issues related

A

-Small packets of data that are stored by the web browser
-Store a customer’s password
-To store a customer’s credit card details
-So they do not need to be re-entered in future
−To track what the customer has viewed on the website
-So can send them adverts that match their preferences

  • Web server sends cookie file to users browser
  • Users payment details stored in encrypted text file
  • Cookie file stored by browser on users HDD/SSD
  • When website is revisited, web server requests cookie file
  • User does not see what info is stored
  • User feels their privacy affected
  • A profile could be built about user
  • Identity exposed
  • Sensitive info stored in cookies could be intercepted
21
Q

What is MAC address

A
  • Unique serial number assigned to each device
  • Assigned by manufacturer
  • Consists of hexadecimal numbers
  • First half is manufacturer ID
  • Second half is serial number
  • Normally 64 bits in length
22
Q

What is an IP address

A
  • Assigned by network
  • An IP address can be changed if dynamic
  • IP address has 8 groups of values
  • IP address is 128 bits
  • Does not contain serial number
  • IP given to every device by ISP that is connected to the internet
23
Q

Describe the role of an operating system

A

− Provides an interface
− Loads / opens / installs / closes software
− Manages the hardware // manages peripherals // spooling
− Manages the transfer of programs into and out of memory
− Divides processing time // processor management
− Manages file handling
− Manages error handling // interrupt handling
− Manages security software
− Manages utility software
− Manages user accounts
− Multitasking
− Multiprogramming // time slicing
− Batch processing

iGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 (5 decks)

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