Unit 2 - Chemistry Flashcards
What are the families on the Periodic Table?
alkali, alkaline earth, halogens, noble gases
What does the period number tell you? What does the group number tell you?
Period number (top to bottom #1-6) –> indicates the # of shells/orbits
Group number (left to right #1-8) –> indicates the # of valence electrons
Where are the metals located on the periodic table? Where are the non-metals located?
Metals –> left of the staircase
Non-metals –> right of the staircase
What are the characteristics of metals?
Good conductors of heat and electricity, and are malleable and ductile. For the most part solid at room temperature.
What is an ion?
An atom that has become charged by gaining (-) or losing (+) electrons.
Cations = ions with positive (+) charge
Anions = ions with negative (-) charge
What is an atom?
An electrically neutral particle with an equal # of electrons and protons.
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms.
Ionic bonds form when two or more ions come together and are held together by charge differences. TRANSFER of electrons.
What is the difference between an ionic compound and a molecular compound?
Molecular compounds are electrically neutral and made up of a non-metal and a non-metal.
Ionic compounds are (usually) formed when a metal reacts with a nonmetal (or a polyatomic ion).
What is an acid? Description?
- Acids have a sour taste
- Corrosive and react with metals
- Makes hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
BINARY ACIDS –> hydrogen + non-metal
OXOACID –> hydrogen + oxygen + another element
pH scale < 7
What is a base? Description?
- Bitter taste
- Slippery to touch
- Corrosive to skin, can cause burns
- Makes hydroxide when dissolved in water
pH > 7 —— bleach and oven cleaner
What are the types of reactions?
- synthesis reaction (A + B –> AB)
- decomposition reaction (AB –> A + B)
- single displacement (A +BC –> AC + B)
- double displacement reaction
(AB + CD –> AD + CB) - combustion reaction
- acid-base neutralization reaction
What is the equation of complete combustion?
CH4 + O2 –> CO2 + H2O
What is the equation for incomplete combustion?
CH4 + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + C + CO
What do neutralization reactions produce?
Water + Salt
