Unit 2 : Chapters 4-5-6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Racial Studies and what is it used for?

A

Racial studies compare physical characteristics to determine where islanders came from.

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2
Q

What is DNA Mapping and what is it used for?

A

DNA mapping is when scientists compare the genetic material of different populations to see what groups are related. It can be used for tracing settlement.

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3
Q

What kind of pottery did scientists compare to track settlement?

A

Lapita Pottery

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4
Q

What is language studies and what is it used for?

A

Language studies use computers to compare the vocabulary and structure of two languages to see if they overlap or are similar sounding to show the links between people.

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5
Q

What is the best way to track settlement?

A

DNA Mapping

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6
Q

What were the past reasons for migration in the Pacific?

A

Some chiefs may have just wanted better land, better trade, and status

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7
Q

What are the present reasons for migration in the Pacific?

A

Not enough jobs and better education elsewhere

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8
Q

True or False: Pacific islanders were skilled when it came to navigation.

A

True

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9
Q

What are some ways that pacific islanders oriented themselves on the pacific ocean?

A

They used the sun, the stars, and the southern cross.

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10
Q

Where did Pacific Islanders Mostly come from?

A

Southeast Asia

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11
Q

What was the document that allowed Micronesians to enter the US?

A

Compacts of Free Association

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12
Q

What is Oceania more commonly known as?

A

“a sea of islands”

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13
Q

Define Latitude

A

measures the distance north or south of the equator.

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14
Q

Define Longitude

A

measures the distance east or west of the equator.

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15
Q

What is the Prime Meridian?

A

an imaginary line that divides Earth into two equal parts, which is the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere.

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16
Q

The Prime Meridian starts and travels from the town of _____?

A

Greenwich, England.

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17
Q

What is GPS?

A

A utility that provides you with positioning, navigation, and timing that is satellite dependent. (Global Positioning System)

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18
Q

What is Wayfinding?

A

Navigation using natural signs and the environment to navigate without tools.

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19
Q

Define “Contacts”

A

the arrival of European explorers in the Pacific islands.

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20
Q

What is a subsistence lifestyle?

A

a lifestyle where you do everything for yourself. Catch, make, grow, and raise everything.

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21
Q

Define infanticide

A

It is the killing of unwanted babies, and it was used for controlling population on some islands.

22
Q

What are extended families?

A

Family that is beyond immediate family, all living nearby or in the same household

23
Q

What are nuclear families?

A

a couple with their children living together

24
Q

What is the difference between extended families and nuclear families?

A

A family group that consists only of parents and their children is called a nuclear family. On the other hand a family which extends beyond the nuclear family to include grandparents and sometimes other relatives also is called an extended family.

25
Q

What does it mean to barter?

A

To trade goods or services

26
Q

How impressive and efficient are Polynesian canoes?

A

They could be up to 100 feet long. They had double hulls that could carry 50 or more people.

27
Q

What were some of the plants and animals that Polynesians took on their canoes?

A

Dogs, pigs, and chickens were taken for stock on a new island. Coconuts, breadfruit, taro, bananas, potatoes, and other plants were also carried on the voyage to plant on new islands.

28
Q

Why were outsiders so impressed with Polynesian canoes?

A

Even in typhoons or hurricanes, the canoes stayed afloat, and the islanders stayed alive by clinging to the canoe.

29
Q

How long were Micronesian canoes?

A

Micronesian canoes were 25 to 30 feet long, and were single hulled.

30
Q

What is necessary to find your position at sea if you can’t use modern technology tools? (not quite sure about this one)

A

You need a compass (to tell direction) and sextants, watches, tables, and maps (to tell position with latitude and longitude).

31
Q

Know how navigators could still know were they were at sea even with cloudy skies (several ways)

A

Seeing coral reef and then using a dead reckoning system (visualization). They also have all the coral reefs in the ocean memorized, which is a good marker to tell them were they are.

32
Q

What is the dead reckoning system?

A

A navigator can visualize the canoe’s present position from a known previous position, which helps keep track of the speed and direction.

33
Q

Know what made Kiribati navigators pretty special

A

They could see islands reflected in the clouds

34
Q

Understand food sources for Pacific islanders

A

Islanders had coconut, breadfruit, taro, pan- danus, banana, and a few others. The high islands also had sweet potatoes and yams, especially in Melanesia and Western Polynesia. Protein sources were chickens, pigs, and dogs and big land crabs, but most protein came from the sea.

35
Q

In the pacific, tools were made up of ____________?

A

wood, stone and shell.

36
Q

What were baskets, thatch, sails, and mats made of?

A

They were made of weaved coconut and pandanus leaves.

37
Q

What was clothing made of?

A

Clothing was made from weaving banana or hibiscus fibers on wooden looms. On other islands, the bark of certain trees was pounded into kapa cloth. Other plants, like pandanus, were also used to make clothing.

38
Q

What was the main tool used in the Pacific and what was it used for?

A

It was the adze and it was used for hollowing and shaping canoes or almost any carving chore.

39
Q

What was used as a cutting edge in the pacific?

A

Clamshell was used for a cutting edge.

40
Q

Know about Pacific islanders economic system

A

The economy was mostly bartering, only some islands had a cash economy which was used mostly for ceremonial purposes

41
Q

How did Pacific islanders get things they couldn’t make on their own?

A

They traded and bartered

42
Q

What type of religion did they have?

A

They had polytheistic religions, which means they believed in more than one gods, spirits, or ghosts.

43
Q

Why did most islanders accept the European god?

A

They believed the European god must be powerful because the Europeans were so powerful and had so many good things.

44
Q

How flexible were the religion systems?

A

The Religious systems were not very flexible.

45
Q

What are the reasons behind cannibalism?

A

Some islands practiced cannibalism which was usually used as a postwar tribal ritual. Cannibals ate defeated enemies as a sign of disrespect and disgust.

46
Q

What are the reasons behind infanticide?

A

Infanticide was used as a way for controlling the population on some islands.

47
Q

Understand the social organization and the role of chiefs/ kings

A

Chiefs/kings power varied greatly. Some had almost unlimited power, especially over the lower classes, but most had to rule by approval from at least clan elders or other leaders. Leaders were rarely criticized in public.

48
Q

What could happen if chiefs/kings neglected their first duties?

A

They had to provide for the welfare of their people, or others might rise to replace them.

49
Q

How did Pacific Islanders communicate without language?

A

They used storytelling, chanting and dancing.

50
Q

What is the main thing islanders lacked?

A

Metal

51
Q

What is the most useful plant in the pacific?

A

The Coconut Tree