Unit 2 - Chapter 3

Question 1

Havoc (=Play havoc with)

Answer 1

a situation in which there is a lot of damage or a lack of order, especially so that it is difficult for something to continue in the normal way SYN chaos

• Rain has continued to play havoc with sporting events.

Question 2

Aggravate

Answer 2

to make a bad situation, an illness, or an injury worse OPP improve

• Building the new road will only aggravate the situation.

Question 3

Govern

Answer 3

to officially and legally control a country and make all the decisions about taxes, laws, public services etc SYN rule - اداره کردن کشور

• the leaders who govern the country
• The party had been governing for seven months.

Question 4

Circadian

Answer 4

relating to a period of 24 hours, used especially when talking about changes in people’s bodies - ساعت بدن

• the body’s circadian rhythm

Question 5

Sleep debt

Answer 5

کمبود خواب

Question 6

Speculate

Answer 6

to guess about the possible causes or effects of something, without knowing all the facts or details - حدس زدن

• Jones refused to speculate about what might happen.
• Some analysts speculated that jobs will be lost.

Question 7

Bad-tempered

Answer 7

someone who is bad-tempered becomes easily annoyed and talks in an angry way to people SYN irritable - بد اخلاق

• Her father was a bad-tempered man who sat alone drinking beer and watching TV most nights.

Question 8

Rehearse

Answer 8

to practice or make people practice something such as a play or concert in order to prepare for a public performance - تمرین کردن

• I think we need to rehearse the first scene again.
• The band was rehearsing for their world tour.

Question 9

Provisional

Answer 9

a provisional arrangement is temporary and can be changed or replaced in the future - موقت

• I’ve made a booking at the hotel, but it’s only provisional - I’ll have to confirm it soon.

Question 10

Insight

Answer 10

a sudden clear understanding of something or part of something, especially a complicated situation or idea - بینش - نگرش

• The article gives us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.

Question 11

Womb

Answer 11

the part of a woman’s or female animal’s body where her baby grows before it is born SYN uterus - رحم

Question 12

Adolescent

Answer 12

a young person, usually between the ages of 12 and 18, who is developing into an adult - نوجوان

• adolescent girls

Question 13

Puberty

Answer 13

the stage of physical development during which you change from a child to an adult and are able to have children - بلوغ

• Fourteen is a fairly normal age for a girl to reach puberty.

Question 14

Prune

Answer 14

to cut off some of the branches of a tree or bush to make it grow better - هرس کردن

• The roses need pruning.

Question 15

Trim

Answer 15

to make something look neater by cutting small pieces off it - پیرایش و کوتاه کردن

• I have my hair trimmed every six weeks.

Question 16

Prompt

Answer 16

to make someone decide to do something - باعث شدن - برانگیختن

• What prompted you to buy that suit?

Question 17

Exploratory

Answer 17

done in order to find out more about something - اکتشافی

• He’s going to have exploratory surgery on his knee.

Question 18

Facial

Answer 18

on your face or relating to your face - مربوط به صورت

• Victor’s (facial expression = حالت صورت) didn’t change.
• facial hair

Question 19

Misread

Answer 19

to make a wrong judgment about a person or situation SYN misinterpret - قضاوت اشتباه - اشتباه خواندن

• I think she misread the situation.
• The doctor must have misread the notes.

Question 20

Gut reaction

Answer 20

a reaction or feeling that you are sure is right, although you cannot give a reason for it

• He had a gut feeling that Sarah was lying.

Question 21

Prefrontal

Answer 21

جلوی مغز

Question 22

Regulate

Answer 22

to control an activity or process, especially by rules - تنظیم کردن - کنترل کردن

• strict rules regulating the use of chemicals in food

Question 23

Caretaker

Answer 23

someone who looks after other people, especially a teacher, parent, nurse etc - سرپرست

Question 24

Enthusiasm

Answer 24

a strong feeling of interest and enjoyment about something and an eagerness to be involved in it - اشتیاق

• Gillian and Darren greeted the speakers with great enthusiasm.
• I left university fired with enthusiasm for work.

Question 25

Caution

Answer 25

the quality of being very careful to avoid danger or risks - احتیاط

• We must proceed with extreme caution.

Question 26

Fad

Answer 26

something that people like or do for a short time, or that is fashionable for a short time - مد زودگذر

• Interest in organic food is not a fad, it’s here to stay.

Question 27

Justify

Answer 27

to give an acceptable explanation for something that other people think is unreasonable - توجیه کردن

• How can we justify spending so much money on arms?
• I don’t have to justify myself to you or anyone else.

Question 28

Constructive

Answer 28

useful and helpful, or likely to produce good results - مفید و سازنده

• The meeting was very constructive.