unit 2: cellular respiration

Question 1

overall equation for cellular respiration

Answer 1

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + energy (ATP & heat)

Question 2

enzymes that phosphorylate

Answer 2

kinase

Question 3

phosphorylation

Answer 3

the addition or subtraction of a phosphate group

Question 4

enzymes that induce isomerization

Answer 4

isomerases

Question 5

isomerization

Answer 5

the conversion between isomers (rearrangement with the same chemical formula)

Question 6

enzymes that cause dehydrogenation

Answer 6

dehydrogenase

Question 7

dehydrogenation

Answer 7

remove hydrogens and their associated electrons (facilitate oxidation and reduction reactions)

Question 8

pyruvate oxidation inputs

Answer 8

coenzyme A + pyruvate + NAD+ + 2H

Question 9

pyruvate oxidation outputs

Answer 9

NADH + H+ + CO2 + acetyl coenzyme A

Question 10

pyruvate oxidation function

Answer 10

pyruvate (3C) loses some electrons (via coenzyme A) and creates acetyl coA (2C) as the pyruvate moves into the mitochondria WITHOUT the use of ATP

Question 11

byproducts of pyruvate oxidation

Answer 11

CO2 and NADH

Question 12

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Answer 12

within and across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 13

where is a bulk of the ATP produced in cellular respiration?

Answer 13

through oxidative phosphorylation as electron carriers drop off electrons to more electronegative atoms and H+ ions flow down their gradient to spin ATP synthase

Question 14

where does the energy come from to produce ATP is chemiosmosis?

Answer 14

the energy is storage in the H+ gradient; as H+ cross into the matrix, down the concentration gradient, energy is released

Question 15

how is the H+ concentration gradient established?

Answer 15

H+ ions are pumped against their concentration gradient using the energy produced when electrons are passed from less to more electronegative electron carriers in the electron transport chain