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Grade 10 Science > Unit 2 Cells, Cell Division and Specialization > Flashcards

Unit 2 Cells, Cell Division and Specialization Flashcards

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0
Q

<p>What is a Eukaryote</p>

A

<p>a cell that contains a nucleus and other organelles, each surrounded by a thin membrane</p>

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1
Q

<p>What are the 3 tenets of the cell theory</p>

A

<p>1) all living things are made of 1 or more cells

2) the cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes
3) cells come form other cells</p>

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2
Q

<p>What is a Prokaryote</p>

A

<p>a cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles</p>

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3
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

The cell theory is the theory that all living things are made up of one or more cells, that cells are the basic unit of life, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

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4
Q

What is a red blood cell and its function?

A

The red blood cell makes up almost half of the bloods volume, containing protein called hemoglobin that allows it to transports oxygen throughout the body

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5
Q

What is the white blood cell and its function?

A

White blood cells make up less then 1% blood volume, while they recognize and destroy invading bacteria and viruses

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6
Q

What are platelets?

A

The tiny cells that help in blood clotting

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7
Q

What is plasma?

A

A protein-rich liquid that carries the blood cells along, making up over half of the bloods volume

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8
Q

What is a electrocardiogram(ECG)?

A

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity pattern of the heart through its beat cycle

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9
Q

What makes your heart rate change?

A

Your heart rate changes due to your physical activity, stress, temperature and your general health

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10
Q

List all 5 of the cell division steps (In order).

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
  5. Cytokinesis
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11
Q

What does the Gall bladder do, and were is it located in the human body?

A

The Gall bladder helps with the digestion of food by supplying digestive enzymes that help the food break down.

The gall bladder is located behind the liver.

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12
Q

What does the liver do, and what system is the liver part of?

A

The liver helps clean your blood, the liver also creates bile that is stored in your gall bladder.

The liver is part of the digestive system.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of photosynthesis.

A

It’s to create energy, and oxygen.

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14
Q

<p>What is the cell membrane? </p>

A

<p>Is a flexible double-layered membrane, which functions as support and allows some substances in and other out </p>

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15
Q

<p>What is the endoplasmic reticulum?</p>

A

<p>Is a three-dimensional network of branching tubes and pockets, transports material such as; protein throughout the cell </p>

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16
Q

<p>What are the ribosomes?</p>

A

<p>The protein builder of the cell</p>

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17
Q

<p>What is the esophagus? </p>

A

<p>Is a muscular tube connecting your mouth to your stomach, has smooth muscle tissues that can contract and relax without conscious thought.</p>

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18
Q

<p>What is the small intestine?</p>

A

<p>Is approx 6 meters long and absorbs nutrients into the blood stream </p>

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19
Q

<p>What is the definition of cuticle?</p>

A

<p>A loader of wax on the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf that blocks the diffusion of water and gases.</p>

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20
Q

<p>What is the definition of DNA?

| (deoxyribonucleic acid) </p>

A

<p>The materials in the nucleus of a cell that contains all of the cells genetic information. </p>

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21
Q

<p>What are the main functions of a root?</p>

A

<p>The functions of a root include:
- anchoring and supporting the plant in the ground.
- absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.
- storing food created during photosynthesis
- producing new plants from root buds
</p>

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22
Q

<p>What are chloroplasts? </p>

A

<p>Chloroplasts: Make the plant green, which allows for photosynthesis, and turns glucose into energy.</p>

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23
Q

<p>What are Mitochondria? </p>

A

<p>Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, converts glucose and oxygen to create energy, carbon dioxide and water. </p>

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24
Q

<p>What is the purpose of the Stomate?</p>

A

<p>An opening in the surfaces of a leaf that allows the exchange of gases.</p>

25
Q

<p>Guard cells are a pair of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells in the epidermis that surround and control the opening and closing of each Stomate.</p>

A

<p>Guard cells are a pair of specialized cells.</p>

26
Q

<p>The palisade layer play what role in photosynthesis?</p>

A

<p>The palisade layer and spongy mesophyll contain the photosynthesizing cells.</p>

27
Q

<p>The tissues in what system make up all the other structures within a plant.</p>

A

<p>The ground tissue system.</p>

28
Q

<p>What does a vein do?</p>

A

<p>Veins return blood to the heart through the blood vessels.</p>

29
Q

<p>What is an artery?</p>

A

<p>An artery is a thick walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.</p>

30
Q

<p>What does a shoot system do for a plant?</p>

A

<p>A shoot system is above ground, it performs the following functions:

- traps energy from sunlight and carbon dioxide.
- releases oxygen into the air.
- provides structure and positions leaves.
- produces seeds to grow new plants.</p>

31
Q

<p>What is diarrhea? </p>

A

<p>A condition in which feces are discharged from the bowels frequently and in a liquid form.
</p>

32
Q

<p>What happens when a plant wilts?</p>

A

<p>The plant will become limp through heat, loss of water, or disease.
</p>

33
Q

<p>What are daughter cells?</p>

A

<p>Daughter cell: one of two genetically identical, new cells that result from the division of one parent cell. </p>

34
Q

<p>What is a large intestine?</p>

A

<p>Large intestine absorbs water from indigestible food and distributes it from the body. </p>

35
Q

<p>What is dermal tissue?</p>

A

<p>Dermal tissue systems are the tissues covering the outer surface of the plant.</p>

36
Q

<p>What is Bile? </p>

A

<p>A fluid that is stored in the liver and is secreted by the liver. It also helps with digestion.</p>

37
Q

<p>What is vascular tissue?</p>

A

<p>Vascular tissue systems are the tissues responsible for conducting materials within a plant.</p>

38
Q

<p>What is a Coronary Artery?</p>

A

<p>It supplies blood to the heart, and they branch off the aorta.</p>

39
Q

<p>What is a heart attack?</p>

A

<p>A heart attack is when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked, with plaque or a blood clot. The heart muscle cells no longer receive oxygen, the heart stops pumping and the tissue begins to die. </p>

40
Q

<p>What does the large intestine do?</p>

A

<p>The large intestines lining absorbs water from the indigestible food </p>

41
Q

<p>What is the job of the liver?</p>

A

<p>Supply's digestive enzymes and produces bile to help break down the fats in our food</p>

42
Q

<p>What is constipation?</p>

A

<p>A condition in which there is difficulty in emptying the bowels, usually associated with hardened feces</p>

43
Q

<p>What is the lungs job?</p>

A

<p>To pull air into the body, to provide oxygen for the rest on the body</p>

44
Q

<p>What are chromosomes?</p>

A

<p>The part in a cell that carry DNA for mitosis.</p>

45
Q

<p>What is a chromatid?</p>

A

<p>Half of a chromosome (split apart during mitosis)</p>

46
Q

<p>What is mitosis?</p>

A

<p>The process of cells dividing into more cells.</p>

47
Q

<p>Cytokinesis is what?</p>

A

<p>Occurs after mitosis. This is when the duplicated cells separate. In a plant cell, a barrier is formed between the two nuclei while in an animal cell, the two nuclei are separated and a new cell membrane is formed around the new cell. </p>

48
Q

<p>What's interphase?</p>

A

<p>The phase before mitosis when the DNA is replicated and the chromosome are starting to look like chromatin.</p>

49
Q

<p>What are three ways to help avoid a heart attack?</p>

A

<p>A low-fat diet
No smoking
Exercise often</p>

50
Q

<p>What is the small intestines job</p>

A

<p>absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream</p>

51
Q

<p>What is the respiration formula </p>

A

<p>cell food+oxygen=energy+carbon dioxide</p>

52
Q

<p>What is the stomach?</p>

A

<p>Stores food. It takes all the nutrients and sends the remains to the intestines. </p>

53
Q

<p>What is Cytoplasm?</p>

<p> </p>

A

<p>the cytoplasm is a thick, liquid residing between the cell membrane holding organelles.</p>

54
Q

What is Spongy mesophyll?

A

A region of loosely packed cells containing chloroplasts, in the middle of a leaf; a type of ground tissue.

55
Q

What is Xylem?

A

Vascular tissue in plants that transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves and stems of the plants

56
Q

What is Phloem?

A

Vascular tissue in plants that transports dissolved food materials and hormones throughout the plant

57
Q

What is Epidermal tissue?

A

A thin layer of cells covering all non woody surfaces of the plant

58
Q

What are Vascular bundles?

A

A strand of primary conductive plant tissue consisting only of Xylem and Phloem

59
Q

<p>What is an X-Ray?</p>

A

<p>X rays can penetrate or pass through the human body and produce shadow-like images of structures such as bones, some of the organs, and signs of disease and injury.</p>

60
Q

<p>What is an Endoscope?</p>

A

<p>an instrument that can be introduced into the body to give a view of its internal parts</p>

61
Q
A

Grade 10 Science (6 decks)

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