Unit 2 | Cells | 7.E.1.2 - Cell Organelles BIG Practice Deck (not intended for weekly vocab cards) Flashcards
Compare the structures and functions of plant and animal cells, including major organelles (cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles).
What is the cell membrane? What is its function?
The boundary that surrounds a cell and controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Think of it like this, if you fill a balloon with water, the water doesn’t spill out. In a cell, this organelle does a similar job. It’s the outer covering of a cell and keeps all cell materials inside.
It is not rigid like a cel wall.
What is cytoplasm? What is its function?
A jelly-like substance inside a cell that holds the organelles in place (prevents organelles from slamming around in the cell).
What is the nucleus?
The “brain” of the cell that controls and directs all of the cell’s activities.
What is the function of the mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria)?
The “powerhouse” of a cell, where cellular respiration occurs. This organelle produces the energy cells need to function.
What is the nuclear membrane?
The envelope surrounding the nucleus that allows certain substances to enter and leave the nucleus.
What is chloroplast?
an organelle in plant and algae cells that converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy that the plant can use.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
a cell with no nucleus
What is the purpose of vacuoles?
a storage organelle containing air, liquids, food, and waste products.
- Plant cells: large, stores water, nutrients, waste products, and other materials.
- Animal cells: small, lysosomes break down nutrients and other materials
What is a cell wall?
a stiff, rigid structure that surrounds and protects a plant cell.
What type of cell contains a cell wall?
Plant cell
What type of cells contain chloroplast?
Plant cells
What is a eukaryotic cell?
a cell that contains a nucleus, such as a plant cell or an animal cell.
What is the difference between prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms?
- Prokaryotes are organisms without a cell nucleus, or indeed any other membrane-bound organelles, in most cases unicellular (rarely, multicelluar).
- Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. In most cases they are multicellular.
How is a living organism different from a non-living object?
Living organisms have cells, the basic unit of life.
They also ROGR that!
- R = respond to their environment
- O = have organization to help them maintain their life
- G = grow and develop
- R = reproduce
Non-living objects are not made of cells and do not ROGR like living organism do.
What is a unicellular organism?
An organism made up of only 1 cell.
uni- means one (1)
