( UNIT 2 ) Cells Flashcards
Plasma membrane
- Common structure in every type of cell
- Selectively Permeable (Controls what comes in and out of the cell)
- Referred to as the âphospholipid bilayerâ as it has two layers of phospholipids
What are the two different categories of cells?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes
No nucleus or organelles.
Eukaryotes
- Complex cell
- Has membrane bound organelles
Why is the plasma membrane described as a fluid mosaic model?
- Fluid = things inside are able to move around
- Mosaic = Membrane looks like a pattern from above
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane.
Has two layers of phospholipids (Phospholipid Bilayer)
- Phosphate heads located on the outer edges of the membrane as they are Polar ( hydrophilic : ability to dissolve in water ; âwater lovingâ ).
- Lipid Tails are hidden inside the surrounding Phosphate heads as they are Non-polar ( hydrophobic : canât dissolve in water ; âwater phobicâ ).
- Transport Protein : Transports substances in and out of the cell. Located in between the chains of phospholipids.
Cell Wall
- Function: Support + Protect
- Found: Plants, Fungi, Prokaryotes
Centrioles
- Function: Assists with cell division
- Found: Animals , most protists
Chloroplast
- Function: Photosynthesis
- Found: Plants , some Protists
Cilia
- Function: Movement, Feeding
- Found: Some Eukaryotes
Cytoskeleton
- Function: Structure / Framework
- Found: Eukaryotes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Function: Holds ribosomes
- Found: Eukaryotes
Flagella
- Function: Movement , Feeding
- Found: Some Eukaryotes
Golgi Apparatus
- Function: Modifies + packs proteins to send out of the cell
- Found: Eukaryotes
Lysosome
- Function: Breaks down + digest unneeded structures using enzymes
- Found: Eukaryotes
Mitochondrion ( mitochondria)
POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL !! đš
- Function: Produces energy through Cellular Respiration
- Found: Eukaryotes
Nucleus
- Function: Control Centreof the cell, Holds Genetic Material
- Found: Eukaryotes
Plasma Membrane
- Function: Controls whatâs go in and out
- Found: All
Ribosome
- Function: Sight of Protein Synthesis
- Found: All
Vacuole
- Function: Storage
- Found: Plants + Animals
Diffusion
When the particles of a substance move from an area where thereâs many of them to an area with less.
What is diffusion affected by?
Concentration , Temperature , Pressure
- Higher levels of each speeds the process of diffusion as more particles collide into one another.
Dynamic Equilibrium
Continuous movement of particles in a substance with no overall change ( Balance ).
How does Diffusion relate to Dynamic Equilibrium?
Particles Diffuse to achieve Dynamic Equilibrium.
Facilitated Diffusion
The use of proteins to help move substances through a cell membrane.
What is Osmosis ? Name the Types.
Net movement of particles through a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration area to a low concentration area to achieve equilibrium.
(1) Hypertonic (2) Hypotonic (3) Isotonic
Hypertonic
- Concentration is higher outside the cell
- Water moves out of the cell
- Causes the cell to shrivel up due to the loss of pressure inside
Hypotonic
- Concentration is higher inside the cell
- Water moves into the cell
- Causes the cell to swell up due to the heightened pressure inside. In extreme cases it may cause the cell to rupture.
Isotonic
- Balanced concentration inside and outside the cell
- Water moves in and out, creating a balanced concentration
- Cell retains normal shape and remains healthy
Active Transport
- Movement of particles that require energy to diffuse.
Passive Transport
Doesnât require energy to diffuse.
